58 “Mytel loses millions of dollars and subscribers since coup,” Mizzima, November 7, 2021, https://mizzima.com/article/mytel-losesmillions-dollars-and-subscribers-coup. 59 Fanny Potkin and Poppy Mcpherson, “How Myanmar’s military moved in on the telecoms sector to spy on citizens,” Reuters, May 18, 2021, https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/how-myanmars-military-moved-telecoms-sector-spy-citizens-2021-05-18/ 60 Saw Yi Nandar, “Telcos say data helps police solve cases of missing persons,” Myanmar Times, February 4, 2020, https://www.mmtimes.com/news/telcos-say-data-helps-police-solve-cases-missing-persons.html. See also https://www.telenor.com.mm/en/article/telenor-introduces-telenor-wellness-innovative-telco-fitness-program-mytelenor-app 61 “Continued presence in Myanmar not possible for Telenor,” Telenor, September 15, 2021, https://web.archive.org/web/20220403042354/https://www.telenor.com/media/announcement/continued-presence-in-myanmar-notpossible-for-telenor. 62 Victoria Klesty, “Telenor quits Myanmar with $105 mln sale to Lebanon's M1 Group,” Reuters, July 8, 2021, https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/telenor-sells-myanmar-operations-m1-group-105-mln-2021-07-08/ 63 Aung Naing, “The crony who will control Telenor Myanmar’s customer data ,” Myanmar Now, March 4, 2022, https://www.myanmarnow.org/en/news/the-crony-who-will-control-telenor-myanmars-customer-data 64 Poppy Mcpherson and Fanny Potkin, “EXCLUSIVE Myanmar junta backs Telenor unit sale after buyer M1 pairs with local firm – sources,” Reuters, January 20, 2022, https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/exclusive-myanmar-junta-backs-telenor-unitsale-after-buyer-m1-pairs-with-local-2022-01-21/; “Junta Chief’s Daughter Acquires Slice of Telenor’s Myanmar Operation,” The Irawaddy, March 25, 2022, https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/junta-chiefs-daughter-acquires-slice-of-telenors-myanmaroperation.html. 65 James Barton, “Up and ATOM: Telenor Myanmar rebrands and pledges 5G investment,” Developing Telecoms, https://www.developingtelecoms.com/telecom-business/operator-news/13592-up-and-atom-telenor-myanmar-rebrands-and-pledges-5ginvestment.html 66 Morgan Meaker, “Myanmar’s Fight for Democracy Is Now a Scrap Over Phone Records,” February 8, 2022, https://www.wired.com/story/telenor-myanmar-phone-records/; “It’s not over until it’s over: sanctions must stop Telenor’s sale to the Myanmar military,” Access Now, March 18, 2022, https://www.accessnow.org/sanctions-telenor-sale-to-myanmar-military/ 67 "Myanmar's internet shutdown: what's going on and will it crush dissent?," The Guardian, February 16, 2021, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/feb/17/myanmars-internet-shutdown-whats-going-on-and-it-crush-dissent. Ooredoo subscriber data is from October 2020: https://www.telecompaper.com/news/ooredoo-myanmar-grows-customer-base-31-to-13-mln--1359634 68 “Ooredoo Myanmar reports 8% growth in revenue in 2021,” Myanmar Business Today, March, 4, 2022, https://mmbiztoday.com/ooredoo-myanmar-reports-8-growth-in-revenue-in-2021/. 69 Discussions with digital rights defenders, June 6, 2022. 70 “Qatar's Ooredoo sells Myanmar unit for $576 million,” Reuters, September 8, 2022, https://www.reuters.com/world/middleeast/qatars-ooredoo-sells-myanmar-unit-576-million-2022-09-08/; Hein Htoo Zan, “Military Crony Linked to New Ownership of Ooredoo’s Myanmar Unit,” The Irawaddy, September 12, 2022, https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/military-crony-linked-to-newownership-of-ooredoos-myanmar-unit.html. 71 Mytel is using sales agents to create large numbers of organic ads on Facebook across a variety of groups and pages. Discussions with digital rights defenders, June 16, 2022. 72 Even at the last moment, MPs attempted to derail the process of giving out licences, see Gwen Robinson, “Myanmar telco auction: the good and the bad,” Financial Times, June 27, 2013, https://www.ft.com/content/befaee5a-22cc-33e3-a8d3-84ce27742dc3 73 Ministry of Transport and Communications, “Establishing Internet Exchange in Myanmar,” September 7, 2020, https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/6%20Myanmar%20CLMV-%20Internet%20Exchange1.pdf. 74 Discussions with participants at the Myanmar Digital Rights Forum in Yangon on January 18, 2019. 75 Chester Toh and Jainil Bhandari, “Myanmar: The Legal Landscape,” Getting the Deal Through, November 2018, https://gettingthedealthrough.com/country-focus/article/6460/myanmar-legal-landscape. 76 “Boycott and coup attempt cost Mytel USD$24.9 million in three months,” Justice for Myanmar, November 5, 2021, https://justiceformyanmar.github.io/justiceformyanmar.org/stories/boycott-and-coup-attempt-cost-mytel-usd-24-9-million-in-threemonths.html 77 Ramon Solabarrieta, Facebook post, https://www.facebook.com/ramon.solabarrieta/videos/1024744474784118/ 78 Telenor’s request was for permission to sell. However, the regulator’s response was to require Telenor to sell to the military’s preferred buyer. 79 ပိေဆာင် ေရး45ငဆ ့် က်သယ ွ ေ ် ရးဝန်:ကီးဌာန၏ လ0ပ်ငန်းည@4 ိ င ိ, း် အစည်းအေဝး အမ5တစ ် B (၂/၂၀၂၁) က���င်းပ, [Coordination Meeting No. (2/2021) of the " 0့ Ministry of Transport and Communications was held]," Ministry of Transport and Communications, June 3, 2021, https://perma.cc/QK5437Q4 80 Namali Premawardhana, “Myanmar forges ahead in ICT,” Myanmar Times, December 18, 2017, https://www.mmtimes.com/news/myanmar-forges-ahead-ict.html. 81 Namali Premawardhana, “Myanmar forges ahead in ICT,” Myanmar Times, December 18, 2017, https://www.mmtimes.com/news/myanmar-forges-ahead-ict.html 82 Discussions with experts at the Myanmar Digital Rights Forum on January 18, 2019. 83 “Whitelisted internet takes Myanmar back to a ‘dark age’,” Frontier Myanmar, June 30, 2021, https://www.frontiermyanmar.net/en/whitelisted-internet-takes-myanmar-back-to-a-dark-age/ 84 "Myanmar’s Military Blocks Access To Facebook After Overthrowing Government," Forbes, February 4, 2021, https://www.forbes.com/sites/roberthart/2021/02/04/myanmars-military-blocks-access-to-facebook-after-overthrowinggovernment/?sh=43397b9b5032; “Directive to block social media service," Telenor Group, February 3, 2021, https://www.telenor.com/directive-to-block-social-media-service/; "Myanmar junta blocks Facebook, clamping down on opposition to coup," Reuters, February 3, 2021, https://www.reuters.com/article/myanmar-politics-int/myanmar-junta-blocks-facebook-clamping-downon-opposition-to-coup-idUSKBN2A338S 85 "Directive to block social media services Twitter and Instagram in Myanmar," Telenor Group, February 5, 2021, https://www.telenor.com/directive-to-block-social-media-services-twitter-and-instagram-in-myanmar/ 86 "Myanmar's digital regime foreshadows SE Asia," Bangkok Post, March 15, 2021, https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/2083615/myanmars-digital-regime-foreshadows-se-asia 87 "Myanmar allows Tinder but axes dissent havens Twitter, Facebook," NIKKEI Asia, May 25, 2021, https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Myanmar-Coup/Myanmar-allows-Tinder-but-axes-dissent-havens-Twitter-Facebook; Free Expression Myanmar @FreeExpressMm, "Whitelisting update for #Myanmar. Rolling out today (25 May): @Instagram = ✅ @Viber = ✅ @WhatsApp = ✅ BUT @Facebook = ⛔ #WhatsHappeningInMyanmar #KeepItOn #LetTheNetWork," May 24, 2021, https://twitter.com/FreeExpressMm/status/1396881429586354178. 88 “Myanmar junta keeps expanding the secret block list,” Qurium, May 27, 2022, https://www.qurium.org/alerts/myanmar-junta-keepsexpanding-the-secret-block-list/ ် ပ်မ/ - ြမန်မာ2ိင 4 င ် ံ Free Expression Myanmar (FEM) and Freedom House - Freedom of the Net: Myanmar - အင်တာနက်ေပ*တွင် လွတလ