February 2021 over social media posts criticizing
the coup.253
phones and found purported criticism of the coup,
according to a February 2022 report.261
At least 959 students, 165 civil society workers, and
465 politicians were detained as of April 2022,
according to the Assistance Association for Political
Prisoners.254 Research released by Free Expression
Myanmar found that of over 2,400 people detained,
charged, or sentenced under Articles 505 or 505A
between February 2021 and January 2022, 25
percent were health-care workers, 13 percent were
educators, and 9 percent were in creative fields,
including music.255 At least 60 prominent celebrities
were on warrant lists as of April 2021.256 Many did
not engage in political commentary until the
February 2021 coup.257 For example, actors Eaindra
Kyaw Zin and Pyay Ti Oo were sentenced to three
years’ imprisonment in April 2021 for encouraging
civil disobedience against the coup via social media
in April 2021; they were pardoned in March
2022.258
Those who have evaded being brought into custody
have faced other penalties. For example, authorities
confiscated the home of Thalun Zaung Htet, the
editor of online outlet Khit Thit Media, in February
2022.262
Users were arrested during the coverage period for
supporting protesters. Between late January and
early February 2022, at least 193 people were
detained for encouraging a general strike, including
people who supported the strike on social media
(see B8).259 In February 2022, a senior police officer
was detained for condemning military brutality
against protesters in a December 2021 social media
post.260 Members of the public were also detained
on the street after the military searched their
Penalization of users was also common before the
coup, to a lesser extent. In January 2021, just before
the coup began, the military filed a criminal
defamation lawsuit under Article 66(d) of the
Telecommunications Law against the editor of
Rakhine-based Development Media Group for
posting a story about military corruption online.263
In December 2020, high school student Maung Tin
Chan was sentenced to five years’ imprisonment for
incitement under Article 33(b) of the Electronic
Transactions Law, having published critical
Facebook posts related to the conflict in Rakhine
State.264 Also in December, Thinzar Than Min was
sentenced to nine months’ imprisonment under
Article 505(a) of the penal code for alleging that the
military-backed Union Solidarity and Development
Party was corrupt.265 In February 2020, Kay Khine
Tun, Paing Phyo Min, and Su Yadanar Myint of the
poetry troupe Peacock Generation received sixmonth prison terms under Article 66(d) of the
Telecommunications Law for sharing images of and
live-streaming their performances, which satirized
the military, on social media.266
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