with various weapons, which were brandished oncamera.139 The company’s transparency reports do not include Myanmar-specific disclosures.140 During the coverage period, civil society actors voiced concern at Telegram’s lack of action in response to serious abuses such as doxing of protesters and human right defenders (HRDs).141 Digital platforms largely avoided establishing facilities within Myanmar before the coup due to the high risk of intimidation and weak legal safeguards (see C2). Those with employees inside quickly evacuated them after the coup began,142 although some consultants were taken hostage.143 B4: အွန်လင ိF း် သတင်းေထာက်များ၊ သံးF သပ် ေဝဖန်သမ N ျားY4င ့် သာမန်အသံးF ြပMသNများသည် မိမိကယ ိF က ် ိF ဆင်ဆာြဖတ်ေတာက်မ,ကိF ၁ မ4တ ် B4: Do online journalists, commentators, and ordinary users practice self-censorship? (0–4 points) 1 ကျင့သ ် းFံ ပါသလား။ (၀-၄ မ4တ)် Since the coup, self-censorship online has grown significantly. Many journalists, commentators, and ordinary users condemned the coup and the military after February 2021. Those living under military rule increasingly practice self-censorship for their own security (see B8, C3, and C7).144 Some stopped publishing online while others have avoided offering politically sensitive content.145 Many social media users have edited their histories to remove sensitive content, including photos of protests, changed their social media profiles to hide their identities, or opened new proxy accounts under false identities, despite a ban on the practice by Facebook and other social media platforms.146 Self-censorship has also increased in response to the growth of moderation on social media platforms (see B3).147 Users have learned to avoid the words and phrases that automatically trigger platform warnings and removals. Self-censorship was common prior to the coup.148 Journalists, commentators, and ordinary users faced a range of pressures to agree with government narratives and majority beliefs on matters related to the military, businesses, armed conflict, the Rohingya, religion, sex and gender, and other politically sensitive topics.149 For example, most independent media outlets actively self-censored when reporting on the Rohingya for fear of backlash,150 and when they did, opted to call them “Muslims” or “Bengalis.”151 Women and girls selfcensored on a range of topics, particularly related sex and gender, for fear of abuse and sexually harassment.152 ် ပ်မ/ - ြမန်မာ2ိင 4 င ် ံ Free Expression Myanmar (FEM) and Freedom House - Freedom of the Net: Myanmar - အင်တာနက်ေပ*တွင် လွတလ