Analysis of Reactions to Nonviolent Public Protests Against Revolutionary Forces An analysis of actors involved in crackdowns on public movements shows that People’s Defense Forces (PDFs) under the National Unity Government (NUG) were responsible for the most such incidents. Other groups, including the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA), Kachin Independence Army (KIA), Arakan Army (AA), Kayan New Land Party (KNLP), and local People’s Defense Forces, were also found to have carried out crackdowns. These findings indicate that while responses to public movements vary among revolutionary organizations, the use of forceful crackdowns remains a common pattern. (Figure 4) Chart showing the number of nonviolent public protests that were met with violent crackdowns by revolutionary forces An analysis of cases in which revolutionary forces used force to suppress public protests related to natural resource extraction and management shows that, on 6 February 2024, the Kachin Independence Army (KIA) opened fire to disperse a protest and arrested more than 50 local residents in Chipwi Township, Kachin State, who were opposing rare earth mining. 3 Some of those detained were released on 16 and 17 February 2024. However, they were reportedly forced to sign written pledges not to oppose the mining project in the future. 4 3 ဖရဲဒေသမှာ မြေရှားသတ္တုတူးဖော်ရေးလုပ်ငန်း ကန့်ကွက်ဆန္ဒပြတဲ့ ဒေသခံတွေကို KIA က ဖမ်းဆီးနေဟုဆို၊ Myitkyina News Journal (၂၀၂၄၊ ဖေဖော်ဝါရီလ၊ ၁၄ ရက်နေ့) 4 မြေရှားသတ္တုတူးတဲ့အပေါ် ကန့်ကွက်တာကြောင့် KIA က ဖမ်းဆီးခဲ့တဲ့ ဒေသခံတွေ ခံဝန်နဲ့ ပြန်လွတ်လာ၊ RFA Burmese (၂၀၂၄၊ ဖေဖော်ဝါရီလ၊ ၂၇ ရက်နေ့) Page - 10