[Draft] Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulation (Amendment) Bill, 2024 ●​ Affords exemptions to state actors, including law enforcement and intelligence agencies, from compliance requirements. ●​ Aims to replace older telecommunications laws, expanding platform regulations through higher fines for non-compliance, oversight of mergers and acquisitions, and the creation of a regulatory sandbox (Hasan, 2024). India From the onset of the 21st century, India’s tech regulatory framework has been primarily focused on achieving digital sovereignty, with an emphasis on control over data, autonomy, and security (Lalani, 2024). Governance in this domain has largely been shaped by executive actions rather than legislative oversight. Though often framed as progressive, a closer examination reveals significant concerns about the concentration of state power and the erosion of individual privacy. The fragmented nature of India’s digital governance is evident in the multiplicity of regulations, each addressing a distinct aspect of the digital ecosystem. The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 sets a baseline for data privacy but also grants the government extensive authority to control data flows and enforce data localization, which raises concerns about the potential for state surveillance (Burman, 2023). Similarly, the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 and the Broadcasting Services (Regulation) Bill, 2024 contain provisions aimed at content moderation, positioning the government as the central arbiter of online speech (Singh, 2022). The Digital India Act, 2023 introduces a focus on online safety, particularly with regard to algorithmic transparency and AI risk assessments (Sheikh, 2024). Each new regulation revises and reframes concepts from earlier laws while consistently maintaining vague language. Although often defended as necessary for adapting to emerging technologies, this ambiguity serves as a tool to shield the government from accountability. Instead of introducing concrete safeguards, these laws frequently postpone meaningful oversight to future legislative revisions. The DPDPA, for example, was 11