I. Killings, Abductions, Torture, and Threats by Rohingya Militant Groups in Bangladesh’s Refugee Camps 26 clashes between the militant groups.57 Militants also targeted and killed civilian Rohingya refugees, including majhis and other respected leaders and individuals, perceived to be cooperating with Bangladesh authorities investigating militant crimes in the camps.58 The killings have continued at high levels in 2024, when between January and November, militant groups killed at least 65 refugees in the camps.59 Rohingya militant groups used pistols, machetelike swords, knives, and sticks to kill their victims.60 Data from a humanitarian organization providing services, including healthcare treatment, to refugees in the camps provided further evidence of more than 40 patients receiving treatment for “gunshot wound[s]” in 2024.61 The Assassination of Mohib Ullah In one of the most high-profile assassinations in the refugee camps in Bangladesh, gunmen shot and killed prominent Rohingya human rights defender Mohib Ullah. On September 29, 2021, several armed men entered the office of the Arakan Rohingya Society for Peace and Human Rights (ARSPH)—the human rights organization co-founded by Mohib Ullah. They fired on Mohib Ullah and fled the scene.62 The assassination prompted global news headlines and statements of outrage from around the world, including from U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken, who referred to Mohib Ullah as a “brave and fierce advocate for the human rights of Rohingya Muslims around the world.”63 57 Fortify Rights interviews and open-source media monitoring from 2023. See also, Hölzl, “The ‘Night Government’ Expands Its Violent Reach in Rohingya Camps” , New York Times. 58 See, for example, Fortify Rights interview with H.H., Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh, January 9, 2023; Fortify Rights interview with J.M.F., Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh, August 6, 2024; Fortify Rights interview with C.F., Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh, February 22, 2023; Fortify Rights interview with C.C., Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh, March 22, 2023; and Fortify Rights interview with G.I., Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh, October 18, 2023. 59 Fortify Rights interviews and open-source media monitoring from 2024. See, for example, Fortify Rights interviews with I.G., I.H., I.I., A.Z.Z., and A.Z.A., Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh, June 15, 2024; Fortify Rights interview with A.Z.G., Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh, June 15, 2024; Fortify Rights interview with A.Z.H., Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh, July 26, 2024. See also, “3 Members of a Family, including Child, Shot Dead in Rohingya Camp,” Dhaka Tribune, October 21, 2024, https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/nation/362626/3-family-members-shotdead-in-criminal-attack-at; “5 Shot in Clash at Ukhiya Rohingya Camp,” Dhaka Tribune, October 17, 2024, https:// www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/nation/362278/5-shot-in-clash-at-ukhiya-rohingya-camp; Abdur Rahman, “Battle for Dominance in Camps Claims 26 Rohingya Lives in 6 Months,” Dhaka Tribune, June 20, 2024, https:// www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/rohingya-crisis/349760/battle-for-dominance-claims-26-rohingya-livesin-6; “Rohingya Man Abducted and Shot Dead in Cox’s Bazar,” BD News 24, January 5, 2024, https://bdnews24.com/ bangladesh/lusnbp0y6m; “Gunmen Murder Rohingya Teacher and Student in Bangladesh,” Agence France Presse, May 30, 2024, https://myanmar-now.org/en/news/gunmen-murder-rohingya-teacher-and-student-in-bangladesh/. 60 See, for example, Fortify Rights interview with B.I., Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh, November 18, 2021; Fortify Rights interview with B.Z., Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh, January 27, 2023; Fortify Rights interview with C.C., Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh, February 22, 2023; Fortify Rights interview with C.F., Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh, March 22, 2023. 61 Humanitarian organization data on file with Fortify Rights, July 2024. 62 Before fleeing to Bangladesh, Mohib Ullah worked as an administrator and teacher in Myanmar. Following the genocide, Mohib Ullah led a project collecting the names of Rohingya killed in Rakhine State. Fortify Rights, “Bangladesh: Investigate Assassination of Rohingya Human Rights Defender Mohib Ullah,” September 29, 2021, https://www.fortifyrights.org/bgd-inv-2021-09-29/; Hannah Beech, “Mohib Ullah, 46, Dies; Documented Ethnic Cleansing of Rohingya,” The New York Times, October 2, 2021, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/02/world/asia/ mohib-ullah-dead.html. 63 U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken, “On the Killing of Rohingya Muslim Advocate Mohib Ullah,” press statement, September 30, 2021, https://www.state.gov/on-the-killing-of-rohingya-muslim-advocate-mohib-ullah/.