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Coerce Assault 1.5 4 3 1.0 2 0.5 1 0 0.0 2014 2016 Time 2018 2014 Fight 2016 Time 2018 Mass violence 2.5 9 2.0 1.5 6 1.0 3 0.5 0 0.0 2014 2016 Time 2018 2014 2016 Time 2018 Figure B.2: Number of the main types of violent events over time. The vertical dashed lines show the beginning and end of the Facebook campaign. Data source: GDELT Battles Explosions/Remote violence 0.15 Violence against civilians 0.25 0.20 0.10 0.2 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.00 2014 2016 Time 2018 0.00 2014 2016 Time 2018 2014 2016 Time 2018 Figure B.3: Types of violent events. The vertical dashed lines show the beginning and end of the Facebook campaign. Data source: ACLED 29

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When Facebook Is the Internet: The Role of Social Media in Ethnic Conflict

Academic Publication

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Language

English

Topic

Hate Speech
Internet Connectivity / Accessibility
Rohingya Crisis

Author(s)

Tuuli Tähtinen

Date Published: Feb 1, 2021

Abstract: This paper investigates whether social media affects the intensity of ethnic conflict. To distinguish the potential effects of social media from those of the broader internet, I focus on the ongoing Myanmar conflict because in such context internet is mainly accessed via Facebook. To identify the causal effect of social media on conflict, I take advantage of a shock in Facebook availability and use local variation in cell phone coverage as an exogenous determinant of social media use. Results indicate that on average social media availability reduced the occurrence of conflict. The analysis, however, reveals important regional differences suggesting that inflammatory content on social media may escalate conflict in areas where ethnic tensions are particularly high.

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ECO_2021_01.pdf
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Myanmar Internet Project

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When Facebook Is the Internet: The Role of Social Media in Ethnic Conflict

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