Final Report Chapter 9 Environmental and Social Considerations land. Especially in an area where several ethnic groups are living, it is necessary that in the area of such minority races the project be promoted and their forced relocation undertaken with care so as to obtain the full understanding of the residents and their communities. 9.2.3 Organizations for environmental and social considerations The main works in this project are the laying of optical fiber cables along main roads in the greater city areas of Yangon, Naypyitaw and Mandalay and in the small cities along the national roads between the 3 metro cities, the installation of communication equipment in MPT’s main stations, and the construction of 2-story station buildings in the MPT-owned premises in Yangon, Naypyitaw and Mandalay. The organizations involved in the environmental and social considerations of these works are shown in Table 9.2-2. Table 9.2-3 Organizations involved in Environmental and Social Considerations Organizations Bureau of Environment Protection Ministry of Forestry Bureau of Public Works Ministry of Construction Yangon Development Committee Naypyitaw Development Committee Mandalay Development Committee Responsible Item Evaluation of Screening, Approval for IEE、EIA、EMP Approval for underground construction and recovery Approval for underground construction and recovery Approval for underground construction and recovery Approval for underground construction and recovery 9.3 Review of Main Work Processes and Alternatives (incl. Zero Options) This project will be implemented in order to increase the diffusion rate of communication service from less than 10% of the population in 2012 to 80% in 2015/16, this being the development target set by the Government of Myanmar. The benefits of communication services are widely understood as allowing the people of Myanmar, by using the communication services as a means of information exchange, to reduce the time and expense spent in movement by vehicle and public transportation. The implementation of this project means that benefits currently enjoyed by 10% of the people of Myanmar can be expanded to 80% of the population. Were this project not to be implemented, the current very low diffusion rate of communication services would not be improved and the infrastructure necessary for the future economic growth of Myanmar would not be developed. Thus, it is deemed mandatory that this project be implemented in Myanmar. The communication networks can be largely categorized into fixed-line communication network and mobile communication networks, but both types of network are physically divided into transmission routes, nodes (divided into large type and small type by exchange, router and processing capacity, and equivalent to the base stations in mobile networks), and access links (optical fiber, paired cable, wireless access, etc.) The transmission routes are divided into backbone 9-10