xii Matthew J. Walton and Susan Hayward Clashes between Buddhists and Muslims in Myanmar have highlighted the challenges that latent intercommunal tensions pose to the government, as the reform process reveals old grievances that can be easily manipulated by those seeking to obstruct reform. Amplifying and supporting the actors who are able to criticize anti-Muslim arguments and rhetoric on Buddhist grounds is crucial. In order to be effective, these responses need to directly acknowledge and incorporate the complex dynamics described in this paper. Without acknowledging the entire range of contributing factors and encouraging cooperation among actors inside and outside of the country, interreligious conflict could be the downfall of Myanmar’s once-promising transition to democracy.