- Local reports say that upkeep and professional maintenance of equipment at the international gateway hasn’t happened since 2008, and thus there are rampant vulnerabilities (many DNS attacks), configurations are out of date, and the equipment is not performing well.40 Access Options - More than 10,000 Fiber To The Home (FTTH) users are active in the country, relying on two international companies, ELight and Fortune, who build on top of Myanmar’s domestic providers. There are reportedly fewer than 300 FTTH users in Yangon. However, Fortune is reportedly engaged in more aggressive deployment. The cost for FTTH installation is $1,000, with an approximately $50 per month charge for access. Due to backhaul limitations, FTTH speeds average between 40-100 kbps.41 - While Satellite connections are used, they are of course very bandwidth constrained. They also require a special license that most users cannot get. Satellites used include Tycom and Viet Sat. Approximately 700-800 Viet Sat units exist within the country using 11GHz. It is no surprise that the lack of non-bandwidth constrained secure connectivity options has reportedly limited investment from oil and gas companies.42 - WiMAX exists in selective locations with fairly ubiquitous coverage in Yangon, all reportedly using 315Mhz. The network relies on MAC address authentication.43 - MPT offer metro Ethernet for approximately $200 per month and $4,000 installation.44 - ADSL speeds are extremely slow (reportedly 3 kbps), due to congestion, oversubscription and a lack of copper maintenance. An uncapped plan is advertised at approximately $40 for 128 kbps.45 40 Consultant, Yatanarpon Teleport. Id. Id. 43 Id. 44 IT Specialist, Radio Free Asia Myanmar Service. 45 Consultant, Yatanarpon Teleport. 41 42 14