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Bureau of Special Operations (BSO) Six Bureaus of Special Operations oversee Regional Military Commands and Regional Operations Command BSO-1 BSO-2 Lieutenant-General Ko Ko Oo (Aug 2023 – Present) Lieutenant-General Tayza Kyaw (Feb 2021 – Aug 2023) Oversees: Central Command, Northwestern Command, Northern Command Lieutenant-General Naing Naing Oo (Feb 2024 – present) Oversees: Northeastern Command, Eastern Command, Triangle Region Command, Eastern Central Command Lieutenant-General Aung Aung (Oct 2022 – Jan 2024) Regional Military Command (RMC) Fourteen Regional Military Commands oversee seven states and regions, and Naypyidaw Union Territory Northern Regional Command Eastern Regional Command Myitkyina, Kachin State Taunggyi, Shan State Oversees Kachin State Oversees Karenni State and Southern Shan State Brigadier General Aung Zaw Htwe (Mar 2024 – Present) Major-General Zaw Min Latt (Feb 2024 – Present) Brigadier General Soe Hlaing (Jul 2023 – Mar 2024) Brigadier General Hla Moe (Until Jan 2024) Regional Operations Command (ROC) Seven Regional Operations Commands, headquarters oversee a specific region with its headquarters located within that region Tanai Regional Operations Command Loikaw Regional Operations Command Oversees operations in Kachin State Oversee operations in Karenni State Brigadier General Myat Min Moe (Aug 2023 – Apr 2024) Brigadier General Tun Naing Oo (2020 – until Jun 2024) Tanai, Kachin State Colonel Kyaw Phone Aung (Apr 2024 – present) Loikaw, Karenni State Colonel Aung Kyaw Khine (Jun 2024 – present) Military Operations Commands (MOC) Twenty-one Military Operations Commands each oversee ten battalions under the control of their respective RMC MOC-21 Bhamo, Kachin State Brigadier General Tin Min Latt (April 2024 – present) 30 MOC-7 Pekon, Shan State Colonel Kyaw Thura (November 2023 – present) Brigadier General Lin Aung Moe (Killed in battle on Nov 18, 2023) Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services Vice Senior General Soe Win Deputy Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services Joint Chief of Staff Commander-in-Chief (Army)

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Crashing Down On Us

Report

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Language

Burmese
English

Topic

Military Coup

Author(s)

Fortify Rights

Date Published: Sep 4, 2025

Abstract: Four years after Myanmar’s military junta staged an illegal coup d’etat, the country remains entrenched in a nationwide armed revolution for democracy and human rights, with armed conflict directly affecting nearly 97 percent of its 330 townships. As of late 2024, the military junta maintains full control over an estimated 21 percent of the country’s territory, with the remainder either under resistance control or contested. The junta has lost control of more than half of its bases in many parts of the country, marking unprecedented territorial setbacks. In retaliation and desperation, the junta has escalated its use of indiscriminate airstrikes on civilian communities. This report documents ten specific, indiscriminate, and retaliatory airstrikes targeting civilians in Kachin and Karenni (Kayah) states—two of Myanmar’s fourteen administrative states and regions—that have faced relentless junta assaults since 2021. While the junta’s airstrikes against civilians have been widely documented, far less is known about the individuals who may be criminally liable for these alleged war crimes. This report identifies 22 junta officials who should be investigated and potentially prosecuted for their roles in war crimes in Kachin and Karenni states. It also names eight military commands linked to the airstrikes documented in this report and identifies 12 military units responsible for artillery attacks in Kachin and Karenni states that may amount to war crimes. This report is based on 63 interviews conducted between 2022 and November 2024 with individuals from Kachin and Karenni states—including survivors, displaced persons, aid workers, and ethnic resistance members—as well as Myanmar military defectors interviewed in Chin State, Myanmar, and locations in India and Thailand.

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Primary Documents

Crashing Down on Us - Fortify Rights Report.pdf
English
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Crashing Down on Us - Fortify Rights Report - SUMMARY (BUR).pdf
Burmese
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Crashing Down On Us

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