TERMS Amyotha Hluttaw: The “House of Nationalities”, which is the Upper House of the National Legislature and has 224 representatives – 168 are elected in equal numbers from each Region and State, i.e. 12 representatives from each Region or State. The 12 must include one elected representative from each Self-Administered Division or each SelfAdministered Zone. 56 representatives are nominated by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services, including 4 representatives from each Region or State. (Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar (2008), Article 141) Constitution: The 2008 Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar which came into operation on the day the first session of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw was convened (31 January 2011). Hluttaw: A Burmese equivalent of “legislature.” Myanmar has a National (Union) Hluttaw, and Hluttaws in each State and Region. Pyidaungsu Hluttaw: The National (Union) Legislature, which is bicameral and composed of the Amyotha Hluttaw and the Pyithu Hluttaw. Pyithu Hluttaw: The “House of Representatives” or the “People’s Assembly”, which is the Lower House of the National Legislature and has 440 representatives. 330 representatives are elected from township-based constituencies. 110 representatives are nominated by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services. (Constitution, Article 109) Tatmadaw: The Tatmadaw refers to the armed forces of the Union of Myanmar. The main armed force is the Defence Services, and all armed forces in the Union are under the command of the Defence Services. (Constitution, Articles 337 and 338) Union/Myanmar Government: The Union Government comprises the President, the two Vice-Presidents, the Ministers of the Union, and the Attorney-General of the Union. (Constitution, Article 200) ABBREVIATIONS ADB ASEAN DICA CESD EHS ESIA FESR FPIC GDP GeSI GNI ICCPR ICT IFC IFI MCRC MCIT MDRI MIC MIDO Asian Development Bank Association of South-East Asian Nations Directorate of Investment and Company Administration Centre for Economic and Social Development Environmental Health and Safety Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Framework for Economic and Social Reforms Free, Prior and Informed Consent Gross Domestic Product Global e-Sustainability Initiative Global Network Initiative International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Information and Communication Technologies International Finance Corporation International Financial Institution Myanmar Communications Regulatory Commission Ministry of Communications and Information Technology Myanmar Development Resource Institute Myanmar Investment Commission Myanmar ICT Development Organisation 5