 Address child safety online: As Myanmar does not have specific laws covering child safety online and is unlikely to be able to prioritise these issues, given the wide range of other child protection challenges in the country, it will fall to companies to take action to protect young users and to disrupt the use of their services to transmit child abuse images. Telecommunications operators and web based services, as well as software companies, need to consider the range of potentially severe impacts on children that can occur through different forms of violence and exploitation. For example, the online sale and trading of child abuse images is considered a crime in most jurisdictions and prohibited under international human rights law. Other negative impacts arise from broader child safety issues online, such as ‘cyber bullying’, ‘grooming’, the illegal sale of products such as alcohol or tobacco to children, or graphic content encouraging self-harm. Companies should report clearly abusive images or behaviours promptly to law enforcement authorities once they become aware of them. Beyond this, there is a range of approaches that companies should draw on, including: • making it clear how users can report abusive images or behaviour such as bullying • training moderators of online forums and services for children to help identify and respond to concerning or suspicious behaviour • implementing effective age and identity verification mechanisms at the level of individual users • implementing appropriately heightened security measures for personal information that has been collected from children (including any location-related information, which can pose particular risks to children) • seeking parental consent before using or disclosing information collected from children; • considering any unintended consequences of decisions on child safety (for example, posting information about unaccompanied children on privately-run, postdisaster family reunification websites), and • engaging with external child safety and children's rights experts, including relevant civil society organisations and the Government, to provide on-going feedback and guidance on the company's approaches. 593 Business Leadership  Model equal opportunity: Addressing entrenched discrimination demands a change in societal attitudes, which often requires prompts from many directions to tip the balance towards broader acceptance. These can include messages from the political leadership �� the President’s office has repeatedly called for building an “inclusive and sustainable” Myanmar – as well as changes in law and changes in peer countries. However, changes can also start with the private sector modelling equal opportunity and demonstrating the benefits. This is an important role that businesses of all sizes in the ICT value chain can play, through leadership messages and by creating workplaces that are not only visibly free of discrimination but also moving towards equal opportunity for the groups at risk of marginalisation noted above. 593 See for example: ITU et al, “Guidelines on Child Protection Online”; GSMA, “The Mobile Alliance against Child Sexual Abuse Content”, European Commission, “Global Alliance on Child Sexual Abuse Online” (last accessed August 2015). The ASEAN Commission on the Promotion and Protectin of the Rights of Women and Children has not made online protection a priority in its “Work Plan (2012-2016) and Rules of Procedures (ROP)” (2012). CHAPTER 4.8: GROUPS AT RISK 235 4 4.8