awareness and training on protection against threats. (See Chapter 3 on Sector-level Impacts and Chapter 4.3 on Privacy for further information). Key Points for Implementation  Ensure ICTs are “localised” for Myanmar users, meaning technologies and content, including data and text, are adapted to support the wide range of languages in Myanmar, in addition to Burmese. The Government should commit to supporting the development of hardware, software, education materials, user manuals, amongst others, in all the main languages of Myanmar.  Support awareness raising campaigns and training around online safety and behaviour, including child safety.  Send clear public signals from the highest level of government and all political parties that “hate speech” is unacceptable. Hate speech spreads quickly online and has been used to incite violence. The Myanmar Government should actively support efforts aimed at “counter speech”, where users challenge “hate speech” for example, by exposing false rumours, ideally with the support of the police, and encouraging peaceful expression.  Prioritise public education sector reforms that include a modernised ICT curricula for higher and vocational education to meet the needs of employers. 9. Strengthen requirements for responsible business conduct in the ICT sector, including by requiring companies to provide operational grievance mechanisms for anyone impacted by their activities, and to report on their implementation. UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights: Access to Effective Remedy 25. As part of their duty to protect against business-related human rights abuse, States must take appropriate steps to ensure, through judicial, administrative, legislative or other appropriate means, that when such abuses occur within their territory and/or jurisdiction those affected have access to effective remedy. UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights: Operational Grievance Mechanisms 29. To make it possible for grievances to be addressed early and remediated directly, business enterprises should establish or participate in effective operational-level grievance mechanisms for individuals and communities who may be adversely impacted. UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights: Effectiveness criteria for non-judicial grievance mechanisms 31. In order to ensure their effectiveness, non-judicial grievance mechanisms, both State-based and nonState-based, should be: (a) Legitimate: enabling trust from the stakeholder groups for whose use they are intended, and being accountable for the fair conduct of grievance processes; (b) Accessible: being known to all stakeholder groups for whose use they are intended, and providing adequate assistance for those who may face particular barriers to access; (c) Predictable: providing a clear and known procedure with an indicative time frame for each stage, and clarity on the types of process and outcome available and means of monitoring implementation; (d) Equitable: seeking to ensure that aggrieved parties have reasonable access to sources of information, advice and expertise necessary to engage in a grievance process on fair, informed and respectful terms; (e) Transparent: keeping parties to a grievance informed about its progress, and providing sufficient information about the mechanism’s performance to build confidence in its effectiveness and meet any public interest at stake; (f) Rights-compatible: ensuring that outcomes and remedies accord with internationally recognised human rights; (g) A source of continuous learning: drawing on relevant measures to identify lessons for improving the mechanism and preventing future grievances and harms; RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE GOVERNMENT OF MYANMAR 21 Recs