Freedom of Information
4
Human Rights Implicated: Right to information
4.1
Field Assessment Findings
Access to information has been a challenge in Myanmar for decades. Many
interviewees wanted the Myanmar Government and media to use ICTs to
communicate to Myanmar people much more widely, particularly in rural
regions, and felt the introduction of the Internet and mobile technology would
dramatically improve their ability to access information.
Interviewees called for the establishment of information centres in rural areas to
distribute information and act as knowledge resource hubs where people could seek
information.
See also the Field Research Findings in Chapter 4.2 on Hate Speech.
Myanmar Good Practice Examples:
One of the international licensees is committed to developing 200 community
information centres. The aim of these is to foster user adoption of mobile services
and digital literacy across Myanmar, to connect to the outside world for rural
communities that traditionally have not had access to connectivity or the masses of
information available online and boost user adoption of mobile connectivity and
Internet in rural areas and improve digital literacy through nationwide initiatives for
schoolchildren. 270
One company has reported that its Myanmar operations are governed by a Code of
Conduct and Code of Business Ethics, covering land, labour, health and safety, the
environment, anti-discrimination, and privacy/freedom of expression. It conducted a
human rights impact assessment in 2013, which identified key risks that will be
reflected in its management systems. 271
One company reported that it had no formal establishment, no manufacturing and
no direct investment in Myanmar but does sell its products via its network of
distributors. They initiated a human rights impact assessment prior to their market
entry into Myanmar. It has a Global Human Rights Statement, applicable to
Myanmar. 272
C. Freedom of Expression: Recommendations for ICT
Companies
Understand conflicts between national and international law: Myanmar’s laws on
freedom of expression are not aligned with international laws and standards on
freedom of expression. In addition, some clauses in the Telecommunications Law
may allow censorship and surveillance (see Chapter 2). The World Bank has
committed to carrying out a due diligence review of Myanmar’s telecommunications
laws as part of its Telecommunications Sector Reform project, but to date, none of the
reviews have been made public. 273 Recent Government practice has indicated that the
270
Telenor, “Telenor opens doors of Community Information Centre” (20 November 2014).
Ericcson, “Response by Ericsson: Myanmar Foreign Investment Tracking Project", Business & Human
Rights Resource Centre (last accessed September 2015).
272 See further: Microsoft, “Response by Microsoft: Myanmar Foreign Investment Tracking Project", Business
& Human Rights Resource Centre (last accessed September 2015).
273 M. Igoe, “Is Myanmar ready for a telecommunications revolution?” (6 May 2014).
271
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