emissions, diesel generators cause localised particulate and noise emissions, noted as a significant issue by community members during MCRB’s field research. While fuel theft does not yet seem to be a major problem in Myanmar, as awareness of the availability of fuel at tower sites grows, this could become a challenge in Myanmar as it has in other countries. In addition to concerns about air and noise pollution, community members also noted concerns about the health risks from mobile towers. In March 2015, the Posts and Telecommunications Department (PTD) held a public forum sharing results from fieldtesting radiation levels of mobile towers across Myanmar. Findings showed that EMF radiation levels of Myanmar mobile networks were far lower than limits regarded as harmful by the World Health Organisation. 214 PTD also presented a Burmese language information leaflet for community members to be distributed during the tower construction process. 215 It is not, however, clear who is ultimately responsible for distributing the leaflet, PTD, operators or tower companies and their sub-contractors. Some operators have delegated this responsibility to their community engagement teams. Plans around translating the brochure to ethnic languages are currently unclear. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Geographic Information Systems (GIS) refers to specific applications of ICT for geographic and spatial analysis. In GIS, data for a specific area can be layered allowing a user to analyse the spatial relationships. GIS has numerous applications (environmental, human geography, health, urban planning), but depends on the availability of reliable data. This is a particular challenge for Myanmar. The Myanmar Information Management Unit (MIMU) www.themimu.info is a focal point for GIS activities in Myanmar. It is working to support the development of a National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI). MIMU maintains various data sets on Myanmar (aggregated from INGOs and civil society groups), including data at the township and village level. Additionally, MIMU provides training resources in Myanmar language on open-source GIS software such as QGIS, which can be downloaded for free. Access to such data can provide powerful tools to help civil society organisations understand impacts that have happened and to project forthcoming changes. For example, EcoDev is currently combining satellite images from NASA’s LandSat satellite with GIS to map changes in Myanmar’s forests over the past decade. This information can be used to hold the Government and private sector to account. In June 2015 a project called ‘OneMap Myanmar’ began its inception phase to develop a GIS system compiling, enhancing and making available and accessible union-wide data on land use, land cover and land tenure. It also aims to incorporate valuable data generated locally, including data from civil society organisations. This data can then 214 See: WHO, “Electromagnetic Fields” (last accessed August 2015). Posts and Telecommunications Department, “Media Release: Myanmar Government: No Evident of Health Risk from Myanmar Mobile Network” (March 2015) 215 CHAPTER 3: SECTOR-LEVEL IMPACTS 115 3