information flows CASE STUDY 1: EARTHQUAKE IN SANGAING AND MANDALAY REGIONS, NOVEMBER 2012 On November 11, 2012, an earthquake measuring 6.8 on the Richter scale struck Sagaing and Mandalay Regions, killing at least 16 people, injuring 52, and damaging nearly 600 buildings. News of the earthquake was more widely heard within each of the four geographical locations (urban/rural, former conflict/non-conflict) than the other two case study events with one exception: the Rakhine conflict was heard of by the highest percentage of respondents in the former conflict areas (68%). DIAGRAM 4 NOVEMBER 2012 EARTHQUAKE: NEWS FLOWS AVAILABILITY OF IMAGES/ PROOF OF EVENTS INCREASES TRUST/WILLINGESS TO SHARE INFORMATION INDIVIDUALS IN URBAN COMMUNITIES News of the earthquake arrived primarily by word of mouth through friends in urban areas (33% of respondents) and domestic TV (23%), while in rural areas most heard of the news by domestic radio (40%), close friends (23%), or TV (19%). In the former conflict areas, most people heard by domestic radio (34%) or from close friends (31%), or through family or relatives (17%). Of all Mon State respondents, a mere 4% or less heard about the disaster through foreign TV or radio, journals, newspapers, or the Internet. KEY: WORD OF MOUTH/FACE TO FACE TELEVISION MOBILE PHONE/SMS DOMESTIC NEWS ORGS RADIO LESS TRUSTED FRIENDS AND FAMILY INDIVIDUALS IN FORMER CONFLICT AREAS INDIVIDUALS IN RURAL COMMUNITIES FIGURE 9 FIGURE 8 PERCENTAGE OF RESPONDENTS WHO HAD HEARD OF THE EARTHQUAKE 94% WHOM DID YOU TALK TO ABOUT THE EARTHQUAKE AFTER YOU FIRST HEARD? 89% FAMILY/CLOSE RELATIVES 81% 86% 87% CLOSE FRIENDS 58% A man walks near a Buddhist pagoda that was badly damaged by the earthquake in the village of Ma Lar at Kyauk Myaung township November 11, 2012. © Reuters/stringer ““ When there was an earthquake in Mandalay, my sister gave me a call and that’s how I learned about it. I then passed this information on to others.” F e ma l e , 4 6 y e ar s o l d , rura l , f o rm e r c o n f l i c t ar e a , Pa Lai n g K e e V i l l a g e , Y e T o w n s hi p CASUAL ACQUAINTANCES URBAN RURAL NON-CONFLICT CONFLICT (FORMER) BASE: 417 RESPONDENTS WHO HEARD OF THE EARTHQUAKE 42 INFORMATION ECOSYSTEMS in transition: a case study from myanmar part one: rese arch findings 46% WORK COLLEAGUES/CLASSMATES 17% COMMUNITY ELDERS 13% RELIGIOUS LEADER-MONKS/NUNS 11% BASE: 319 RESPONDENTS WHO TOLD OTHERS 43 how to inform, empower, and impact communities INFORMATION ECOSYSTEMS in transition: a case study from myanmar how to inform, empower, and impact communities PART ONE: RESEARCH FINDINGS