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လူူမျိုး�း��ရေး�းပဋိိပက္ခခများ�း� - စစ််အာာဏာာတည််မြဲ�ဲရေး�းအတွွက်် မော�ာင်းး�နှှင််အားး�တရပ်် ၄.၄။ စစ််အုုပ််စုု၏ အသုံးး��ချျမှုုများ�း� ဤအဖြ�စ််အပျျက််ကို�ု စစ််ကော�ာင််စီတပ် ီ ်နှှင့််� AA၊ စစ််အာာဏာာရှှင််နှှင့််� တော်�်�လှှန််ရေး�းအဖွဲ့့�� တဖွဲ့့��ကြား�း� တိုု�က််ပွဲဲ�ဟူူသော�ာအမြ�င််ကို�ု ကျော်�်��လွွန််၍ ဗမာာလူူမျိုး�း��နှှင့််� ရခိုု�င််လူူမျိုး�း��ကြား�း� လူူမျိုး�း��ရေး�းမုုန်းး�တီးး�မှုုနှှင့််� ပဋိိပက္ခခအဖြ�စ်် စစ််တပ််အားး�ပေး�းတယ််လီဂ ီ ရမ််ချျန််နယ််များ�း�တွွင်် ပုံံ�ဖော်�်�လာာသည််ကို�ု တွေ့�့�ရသည််။ ထို့့��အပြ�င်် စစ််ကော�ာင််စီမိိသားး ီ �စုုဝင််များ�း�အားး� AA က ကယ််တင််ထားး�သည့််�အဖြ�စ််ကို�ု ဖုံးး��ကွွယ််ထားး�ပြီး��း လူူမျိုး�း��ရေး�းပဋိိပက္ခခ ပိုု�မိုု�ပြ�င်းး�ထန််စေ�ရန်် လှုံ့့��ဆော်�်�သည့််�အနေ�ဖြ�င့််� AA သည်် ဗမာာလူူမျိုး�း��များ�း�အားး� အစုုလိုု�က်အ ် ပြုံ�ံ�လိုု�က်သ ် တ််ဖြ�တ်် သည််ဟုု ဇာာတ််ကြော��ာင်းး�ဖန််တီးး�ခဲ့့�သည််ကို�ု တွေ့�့�ရသည််။ "ရခိုု�င််လူူမျိုး�း��များ�း�က ဗမာာလူူမျိုး�း�� များ�း�ကိုု� လူူမျိုး�း��ရေး�းမုုန်းး�တီးး�စိိတ််ဖြ�င့််� ရက််ရက်စက် ် စက် ် ် သတ််ဖြ�တ်ခဲ့့� ် သည််" ဟူူသော�ာ ဇာာတ်် ကြော��ာင်းး�ကိုု� တွွင််တွွင်ကျျယ် ် ကျျယ် ် ် အသုံးး��ပြု�ုကာာ ရခိုု�င်လူ ် မျိုး ူ �း��များ�း�အပေါ်�် လူူမျိုး�း��ရေး�းမုုန်းး�တီးး� မှုုဖြ�စ််စေ�ရန်် ဖန််တီးး�ခဲ့့�သည််ကို�ု တွေ့�့�ရသည််။ ထို့့��အပြ�င်် တော�ာင််ပိုင်း ု� း�ရခိုု�င်နှ ် င့််� ှ မြော��ာက််ပိုင်း ု� း� ရခိုု�င်် ဟူူ၍ ခွဲဲ�ခြား�း�သုံးး��နှုုန်းး�ကာာ ရခိုု�င််လူမျိုး ူ �း��များ�း�ကြား�း� သွေး�း�ခွဲဲ�ရန််ကြိုး�း��ပမ်းး�ခဲ့့�သည််။ စစ််တပ်် ထော�ာက််ခံံသူူ ဘူးး�လက််လှဆွေ�ေက ှ လည်းး� ရခိုု�င််မုုန့််�တီီမစား�းချျင််၊ ရခိုု�င််လူူမျိုး�း��များ�း�ဆိုု� မမြ�င်် ချျင််တော့�့�သည််အထိိ ရခိုု�င််ဆိုု�လျှှင်် မုုန်းး�သွားး��ကြော��ာင်းး�ပြော��ာဆိုု�ကာာ လူူမျိုး�း��ရေး�းပဋိိပက္ခခ အသွွင်် မီးး�မွှေး�း�ခဲ့့�သည််ကို�ု တွေ့�့�ရသည််။ ရန််ကုုန််၊ မန္တတလေး�းမြို့�့��များ�း�တွွင်် ရခိုု�င််လူူမျိုး�း��များ�း� ထိိခိုု�က်န ် စ််နာာစေ�ရန်် လှုံ့့��ဆော်�်�သည့််�စာာများ�း� လိုု�က်လံ ် ��ပ် ံ ခဲ့့� ် ကြ�ပြီး��း စစ််တပ်အားး ် �ပေး�းတယ်် လီီဂရမ််ချျန််နယ််များ�း�တွွင်် ပြ�န််လည််ဖြ�န့််�ဝေ�ခဲ့့�သည််။ ထို့့��အပြ�င်် ရခိုု�င််-ရိုု�ဟင််ဂျာ�ာပဋိိပက္ခခ ဖြ�စ််စဉ််၊ မိုု�ခါါမုုန်တို ် င်း �ု း�ဖြ�စ််စဉ််များ�း�တွွင်် ရခိုု�င်ဒေ� ် သနှှင့််� ရခိုု�င်လူ ် မျိုး ူ �း��များ�း�အားး� ကူူညီကယ် ီ တင် ် ် ခဲ့့�သည့််� ကျေး�း�ဇူးး�ရှိိ�သူူအဖြ�စ်် စစ််တပ်ကို ် �ု အမွှှမ်းး�တင််ကာာ ရခိုု�င်နှ ် င့််� ှ AA ကိုု� ကျေး�း�ဇူးး�မသိိတတ်် သူူများ�း�အဖြ�စ်် ပုံံ�ဖော်�်�ခဲ့့�သည််။ 32

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Exploiting Ethnic Conflicts in Attempt to Consolidate Military Control

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Language

Burmese
English

Topic

Disinformation
Hate Speech
Information Operation
Military Coup

Author(s)

Nyan Lynn Thit Analytica

Date Published: Oct 4, 2024

Abstract: The Three Brotherhood Alliance (3BHA) which comprises of the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA), the Arakan Army (AA), and the Ta’ang National Liberation Army (TNLA) launched assaults on junta bases and outposts in northern Shan on 27 October 2023, under the Operation 1027. It was found that the military, known to regularly ferment ethnic and religious conflicts in the past, accelerated disseminating hate speech and propaganda after Operation 1027 had contracted its controlled territories. Specifically, the junta and pro-military Telegram channels which promote its actions have intensified their dissemination of hate speech and propaganda materials with the intention of amplifying ethno-religious tensions in northern Shan and Rakhine. As the 3BHA swiftly neutralized and captured territories in northern Shan, China was portrayed by pro-military telegram channels as being behind the Operation 1027. Moreover, the MNDAA’s attacks were depicted as an invasion by a Chinese ethnic group into the territory of Shan people. Following the commencement of Operation 1027, narratives claiming that foreign groups such as the Chinese and their ethnic groups, were invading Shan territories and oppressing the native Shan people gained prominence in the hate speech and propaganda spread by the junta. Moreover, the junta was also found to be actively generating hostility by exploiting the existing tensions among Ethnic Revolutionary Organizations (EROs), including the MNDAA, TNLA, Kachin Independence Army (KIA), and (Shan State Progress Party (SSPP)/ Shan State Army (SSA). The junta also engendered antagonism between ethnic groups when the AA resumed its assaults on the military, capturing towns in Chin and Rakhine. Subsequently, the junta fomented discord between the AA and Chin people in Paletwa as well as spread disinformation which can cause the deterioration of inter-Chin relations. Similarly, pro-military telegram channels exacerbated existing ethnic and religious tensions and conflicts by portraying differences between northern and southern Rakhine and exploiting tensions between the Arakanese and other ethnic groups, particularly the Rohingyas.In order to incite conflicts between Burmans and other ethnic groups, a narrative was propagated that ethnic revolutionary groups’ attacks targeted Burman-Buddhist. According to junta propaganda, MNDAA was reported to have prohibited Burmans from entering Laukkaing in northern Shan, outlawing the usage of Myanmar currency, and destroying the property of Burmans in the town. Additionally, a video of a person wearing MNDAA uniform smashing a Buddhist pagoda with a sledgehammer was shared widely on social media. In the face of this adversity, the junta’s propagandists promulgated the need for Burmans to stay united and encouraged counter actions such as taking revenge on Kokang people who had settled in Burman-dominated areas. Similarly, disinformation claiming that the AA massacred family members of the junta soldiers fleeing from a sinking military vessel was also spread. Concurrently, military supporters called for the campaign “to boycott Rakhine monti and

other Arakanese delicacies”, deliberately sowing the seed for Burman- Arakanese ethnic conflict. Ethnic Revolutionary Organizations were depicted

as exploiting Burman-dominated People’s Defense Forces (PDFs) and bent on destroying Buddhism due to their hatred for it. According to military propaganda, Burman-Buddhists were urged to knit together against their enemies as they were the primary target of Ethnic Revolutionary Organizations. Moreover, Buddhism-based propaganda campaign was initiated to preserve the nation, religion, and sovereignty. The loss of military outposts and territories due to the advancement of revolutionary forces was portrayed as having adverse effects on national security. By highlighting ultra-Burmese nationalism and centralization ideology, the military was portrayed as an institution dedicated to protecting the nation, religion, and sovereignty, appealing the populace to support its actions. Meanwhile, Ethnic Revolutionary Organizations were depicted as furthering their own interests rather than those of the nation. This portrayal denigrated the actions of Ethnic Revolutionary Organizations and entrenched the military’s grip on power.

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Exploiting Ethnic Conflicts in Attempt to Consolidate Military Control

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