The rift between the Marcos and Duterte camps, the potential impeachment of Sara Duterte, and Rodrigo Duterte’s trial at the ICC have shaped political discourse in the Philippines in 2025. These developments are likely to drive narratives around information disorder in the country until they are resolved. As the government moves to regulate disinformation, this raises questions about where civil society fits in and whether policymakers will incorporate civil society’s feedback to ensure that human rights considerations are reflected in their decision-making. On red-tagging, 2025 has continued the positive developments seen in 2024. The 2024 Supreme Court ruling condemning red-tagging, the suspension of the Laban Kasama ng Bayan program hosted by Lorraine Badoy and Jeffrey Celiz on SMNI, and the landmark case filed in December 2024 by journalist Atom Araullo—after he and his family were red-tagged by Badoy and Celiz338—have all set a positive precedent for addressing this issue. If a law criminalizing red-tagging is enacted, it will mark a major milestone in the Philippines’ efforts to tackle the problem. 338. Torres-Tupas, Tetch. “Atom Araullo Wins Red-Tagging Civil Suit vs Badoy, Celiz.” Inquirer.net, 13 Dec. 2024, newsinfo.inquirer.net/2015321/atom-araullo-wins-red-tagging-civil-suit-vs-badoy-celiz. 72