Organizational Capacity and Resources At present, there seems to be very limited cyber troop capacity in the country. However, the Angolan government seems to be increasingly cooperating with China on surveillance and security: in December 2019 President Lourenço opened the Integrated Centre for Public Security financed by China and operated by forty-five employees who were trained in China (Macauhub, 2020). Additionally, in early 2019 it was announced that Angola and Rwanda had signed a deal to cooperate on security and public order in the interest of their citizens. This cooperation reportedly includes the sharing of technical advice and information of interest to law enforcement, though observers suggest that the development and execution of the project will take years (Agência Angola Press, 2019; Kuteesa, 2019). Whether these activities also reflect intentions by the Angolan government to establish or increase their cyber troop capabilities remains somewhat unclear, however, reports indicate that Angola is starting to increase their activities and capacity: the state has been planning to invest 11 million USD a year into cybersecurity, and opposition parties have accused the MPLA of targeted disinformation campaigns against them (Agência Angola Press, 2019; VOA, 2020). Table 3: Cyber Troop Capacity in Angola Team Size Resources Spent Activity Levels (USD) 11 million annually Temporary Coordination Decentralised Capacity Measure Low Source: Authors’ evaluations based on data collected. Blank spaces indicate no evidence was found. References Agência Angola Press. (2019a, February 27). Angola and Rwanda strengthen public security partnership—Politics—Angola Press—ANGOP. Http://Www.Angop.Ao. http://www.angop.ao/angola/en_us/noticias/politica/2019/1/9/Angola-and-Rwandastrengthen-public-security-partnership,dcd58b0b-e01c-4f55-9a20-4ad5a8a27c27.html Agência Angola Press. (2019b, July 26). State to spend USD 11 million / year on cyber security—Economy—Angola Press—ANGOP. Http://Www.Angop.Ao. http://www.angop.ao/angola/en_us/noticias/economia/2019/6/30/State-spend-USDmillion-year-cyber-security,2283adbf-4b93-4344-96c3-e3cb3148c144.html BizCommunity. (2017, August 22). Angola is emerging as a growing tech hub on the continent. BizCommunity. https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/7/16/166368.html Bright, J. (2019, May 20). Facebook’s latest account purge exposes Africa’s misinformation problem. TechCrunch. https://social.techcrunch.com/2019/05/20/facebook-accountpurge-africa-fake-news/ Dahir, A. L. (2018, July 18). How social media bots became an influential force in Africa’s elections. Quartz Africa. https://qz.com/africa/1330494/twitter-bots-in-kenya-lesothosenegal-equatorial-guinea-elections/ DFRLab. (2019). Inauthentic Israeli Facebook Assets Target the World. Digital Forensics Lab. https://medium.com/dfrlab/inauthentic-israeli-facebook-assets-target-the-world281ad7254264 Freedom House | Angola. (2019a). Angola | Freedom House. Freedom House. https://freedomhouse.org/country/angola/freedom-world/2019 Freedom House (2019b) Freedom on the Net: Angola. (2019). Freedom House. https://freedomhouse.org/country/angola/freedom-net/2019 GlobalStats. (2020, March). Social Media Stats Angola. StatCounter Global Stats. https://gs.statcounter.com/social-media-stats/all/angola 7