the opposition, among others, who criticized the government’s response were subject to administrative detention for their social media posts (Azerbaijan Internet Watch, 2020b). Table 2: Observed Strategies, Tools and Techniques of Social Media Manipulation in Azerbaijan Account Types Messaging and Valence Content and Platforms Communication Strategies Automation, human Fake, hacked, and real accounts Pro-government, pro-party Creation of disinformation, Twitter, YouTube, messages, Attacks on Mass Reporting Content, Instagram opposition, Driving Trolls, Amplifying content division/polarization, Suppressing speech Source: Authors’ evaluations based on data collected. Blank spaces indicate no evidence was found. Organizational Capacity and Resources There is no detailed information about the organizational capacity and resources of cyber troops in Azerbaijan. However, as Geybulla (2016) states, volunteer work with IRELI was viewed as an entrance route for roles in public administration. Activities are persistent but, according to Muntezir, the troll network deployed by Azerbaijan is ineffective and unprofessional. Social media accounts are visibly fake, with no pictures or history, and content is directly retrieved from Ilham Aliyev’s speeches. He also mentions that there is evidence that trolls are asked to compile reports with content and screenshots of their comments. Orders about requested attacks are given via WhatsApp groups (Djalilov, 2019) and other platforms. Table 3: Cyber Troop Capacity in Azerbaijan Team Size Resources Spent Activity Levels (USD) - - Coordination Capacity Measure Permanent Reporting Medium requirements, organization via WhatsApp and other platforms. Source: Authors’ evaluations based on data collected. Blank spaces indicate no evidence was found. References Activist’s YouTube channel down. (2019, December 5). [Azerbaijan Internet Watch]. https://www.az-netwatch.org/news/activists-youtube-channel-down/ Artsakh official warns of Azerbaijani fake news in Armenian groups on Facebook. (2020, January 10). https://www.panorama.am/en/news/2020/01/10/Artsakh-officialAzerbaijani-fake-news/2220801 AZ News Staff. (2011, June 8). News.Az—Ireli youth union focusing on IT. https://news.az/articles/society/38037 Azerbaijan Internet Watch. (2019, December 1). Political leader’s Instagram page down [Azerbaijan Internet Watch]. https://www.az-netwatch.org/news/political-leadersinstagram-page-down/ 31