A continuous hot topic in the country is corruption and unfortunately past prime minister Tsipras and his SYRZIA party did not seem to be keeping their promise of fighting it (In Box News, 2019; Kourdistoportocali, 2019; Κανέλλης, 2019; Κουνιάς, 2019). The new government has seen to improve the situation however, corruption continues to be a concern (Freedom House, 2020). Additionally, the country is currently preoccupied with something akin to a cyberwar with Turkey, after the Turkish President declared the border between Turkey and Greece open in February 2020 in hopes of letting through refugees to the European Union. The EU and Greece maintain that the border remains closed. The dispute has led to a surge in reports and allegations spread online, many of which are unverifiable, leading to the Greek Foreign Ministry to repeatedly debunking and dismissing fake reports, often resorting to Twitter to do so (Ekathimerini, 2020a, 2020b). At the same time riots and violence are breaking out within the border and other refugee camps (Menke & Neufeld, 2020). Just like in most European countries, Greek political parties are increasingly using online platforms to guide public opinion. Some evidence even suggests that all major parties have “dealing rooms” where people sit and coordinate the dispersal of news and texts to influence voters, order trolls and block certain news. These activities mainly focus on individuals who are undecided and did not want to vote (ΚΑΡΑΙΣΚΑΚΗ, 2019). Table 1: Organizational Form and Prevalence of Social Media Manipulation in Greece Initial Government Politicians Private Contractors Civil Society Citizens & Report Agencies & Parties Organizations Influencers Foreign X X Ministry Source: Authors’ evaluations based on data collected. Blank spaces indicate no evidence was found. Strategies, Tools, and Techniques Most Greek parties seem to have started to employ bots to ensure their voters stay party supporters by feeding them the stories they want to hear and thus assuring them in their views (ΚΑΡΑΙΣΚΑΚΗ, 2019). A recent example of computational propaganda comes from the Rhodes local elections of 2018 where online trolling seems to have gotten out of hand. Specific people (both politicians but also private individuals) were allegedly targeted with hate campaigns. While initially the trolls worked in small units or individually, they quickly started coordinating and formed troll farms. Organizers created webpages where they would leave directions as to whom should be targeted and state political goals (Αθανασίου, 2018). However, there are few little national reports on these activities and the exact size of the operations is unknown, thus these reports, which are quite vague, should be read with care. Before the national election, local papers were assuming that Tsipras was looking at a bad defeat and was allegedly preparing for a campaign “American style”: hiring a large foreign company to run an online campaign, focusing on social media and microtargeting as these are strategies which had proven effective in US elections. In the meantime, fake news and deliberate misinformation campaigns continue to operate at full speed: According to an analysis by Crisis Monitor a total of 3.868 fake news mentions were published between 1-10 March 2019, with Twitter having the largest volume. It appears that Greece has experienced all the main components of most modern information wars during elections; trolls, spam bots, chat bots (reportedly over 33,000 were created on Facebook in 2016 alone), fake news and general propaganda (Crisis Monitor, 2019). 159