Key Developments ● The military junta adopted an addendum to the Anti-Terrorism Act and amended the Law on Broadcasting and Television in 2023, ramping up their efforts to control online information and conduct surveillance on the people. ● Internet is inaccessible in some parts of the country, particularly in stronghold areas of the resistance. However, internet access has been provided in some of these areas through Starlink satellite connections. ● Pro-military propaganda is being disseminated through Telegram as well as junta-controlled media, while the junta has continued to crack down on independent media in the country. The government revoked the licenses of at least 14 independent media outlets as of 2023. ● Doxing against individuals opposing the military has become common on Telegram. Many individuals were arrested and prosecuted after supporters of the military exposed their personal information without consent. ● In 2023, the military also ramped up its surveillance efforts by introducing the e-ID system and requiring all mobile users in the country to register their SIM cards. The junta was also likely to be in possession of spyware from an Israeli spyware firm, Cognyte, which was purchased during the time of the civilian government. 1. Overview The coup d’état in Myanmar took place on February 1, 2021. Since then, the military junta, led by the chief of Myanmar military, Min Aung Hlaing, has engaged in digital repression by amending cyberlaws, increasing censorship and other forms of online restrictions, and intensifying surveillance. 58 In 2023, the military increased its power to surveil and control online information by enacting an addendum to the Anti-Terrorism Act and amending the Law on Broadcasting and Television for the second time. Meanwhile, the cybersecurity law which was proposed shortly after the coup happened in 2021 remains a draft. Apart from that, internet access in Myanmar is uneven overall. Internet restrictions and online censorship has become more