How does digital technology enable child sexual exploitation and abuse? Overview of variables The analysis draws on available data on technology-facilitated child sexual exploitation and abuse from both rounds of the Disrupting Harm project. A comparable seven-indicator measure of technology-facilitated child sexual exploitation and abuse was included across both rounds of research, enabling comparisons of patterns observed in 21 countries over the past five years. Children were asked: “In the past year, how often have these things happened to you?” in relation to the following forms of sexual exploitation and abuse: • Someone sent me sexual images or videos I did not want • I have been asked to talk about sex or sexual acts with someone when I did not want to [may be fully ‘online’ or also through in-person interactions] * • I have been asked to share an image or video showing my private parts (for example, my bottom, genitals, or breasts) when I did not want to • Someone offered me money or gifts in return for sexual images or videos of myself • Someone offered me money or gifts to meet them in person to do something sexual [may be fully ‘online’ or also through in-person interactions] * • Someone shared sexual images of me without my permission • Someone threatened or blackmailed me to engage in sexual activities [may be fully ‘online’ or also through in-person interactions] * For each indicator, participants responded using a five-point frequency scale: Never, Rarely, Sometimes, Often, or Very often. Responses were recoded into binary indicators, with Never classified as “No” and all other responses classified as “Yes.” Questions marked with an asterisk (*) were only included in the estimate if respondents subsequently confirmed that the incident had occurred on a social media platform or in an online game, rather than exclusively in person. A binary technology-facilitated child sexual exploitation and abuse variable was then created to indicate whether a child had been subjected to one or more of the seven forms of exploitation and abuse listed above. Through Children’s Eyes Appendix 47