Table of Contents
Introduction.................................................................................................................................1
Background Reading ....................................................................................................................1
Hate Speech........................................................................................................................ 2
Criminal Prohibitions on Hate Speech .................................................................................................................4
Variations across the Human Rights Treaties ......................................................................................................8
Public Figures .......................................................................................................................................................9
Genocide Denial .................................................................................................................................................11
Defamation ....................................................................................................................... 13
Criminal Sanctions and Disproportionate Penalties ...........................................................................................14
Civil Defamation .................................................................................................................................................17
Public Officials and Politicians ............................................................................................................................21
Strategic Litigation against Public Participation (SLAPPs) ..................................................................................22
National Security .............................................................................................................. 26
General Principles ..............................................................................................................................................27
Terrorism Laws and Freedom of Expression ......................................................................................................29
State Secrets ......................................................................................................................................................32
Further Reading and Useful Sources .....................................................................................34
Exercises .................................................................................................................................... 36
Discussion Questions.................................................................................................................. 38
Sample Agendas ........................................................................................................................ 39