In early 2025, BROUK was still receiving reports of forced recruitment by the AA in Buthidaung township.222 By March, the AA’s rhetoric appeared to shift, and the group instead began demanding that Rohingya men and youth participate in their military training and form groups to protect their villages from attacks by Rohingya armed groups. In late April and May, the AA stepped up their demands. In one village tract of Maungdaw township, the AA has ordered that four or five men are required to participate in the 45-day military training from each village in the tract.223 In another village tract, the AA ordered that one man aged 18-40 from every family must participate in the training, affecting around 750 families.224 Rohingya villagers in other areas of Maungdaw township have also reported facing these demands.225 Recommendations To the International Court of Justice: • Urgently review Myanmar’s compliance with the provisional measures and formally communicate its findings to the UN Security Council. • Instruct Myanmar to make its reporting public at the time of submission to the Court due to the public interest nature of the case, and to ensure transparency and rigorous scrutiny of its compliance with the order. • To prevent further irreparable harm to members of the Rohingya group, urgently amend the existing provisional measures order or indicate further provisional measures to include (but not limited to) requirements that Myanmar must immediately: - Allow international, national, and local humanitarian actors immediate, unrestricted, and sustained access to Rakhine State and Myanmar as a whole; - Cease and desist from conscripting Rohingya into its armed forces or allied armed groups; - Cease and desist from forcing the Rohingya to participate in public rallies in support of the Myanmar military; - End all arbitrary restrictions on freedom of movement, access to health and other resources indispensable for survival for the Rohingya; - Restore electricity and telecommunications to Rakhine State; - Implement policy and legislative changes as part of concrete measures it must take to comply, including the restoration of full citizenship to the Rohingya as a vital first step; - Allow access to the Independent Investigative Mechanism for Myanmar to enquire into the acts that are the subject of this case. To the UN General Assembly, UN Human Rights Council, other UN bodies, human rights mandate-holders and mechanisms: • Make concerted efforts to consistently refer to the ICJ’s legally binding provisional measures order in public statements about the Rohingya, including urging all parties to the conflict in Rakhine State to fully comply with the order to protect the Rohingya from further harm. • Robustly engage with the Arakan Army to demand an immediate end to all human rights violations against Rohingya in Rakhine State, including forced displacement, land-grabbing, denial of the right to return, and policies of persecution targeting the Rohingya in areas under their control. 222 BROUK references ICJ11-OAC-AA-BTD-FR1, ICJ11-OAC-AA-BTD-FR2. 223 BROUK reference ICJ11-OAC-AA-MDW-MT2. 224 BROUK reference ICJ11-OAC-AA-MDW-MT1. 225 BROUK references ICJ11-PM2c-FS-MDW-1a-5. 38