Preventing unrest also meant protecting the armed forces and government from
the wrath of a resentful population. By 2005 the military-state decided to shift the
country’s capital from Rangoon to Naypyidaw. Although that move should have
symbolized completion of the state building process, in reality it augmented the illusion
that Burma had achieved a national identity, thereby serving the interests of the
Tatmadaw generals (Armao, 2015). The relocation of the capital was accompanied by the
renaming of many locations within the country. Although not a new occurrence at this
point in Burma’s history, the campaign held significance in the social implementation of
control. It reasserted military power over the country on a national level (as did the
renaming of the country to Myanmar in the early 1990s), as well its authority over the
minutiae of every day life in forcing the language of ethnic groups to change in order to
fit the preference of the majority (Houtman, 1999).
Legal and Economic Control Tactics
A major issue facing the Tatmadaw earlier and today is maintaining economic and
legislative control. By keeping an iron fist around these two key aspects of society, the
military is essentially given carte blanche in all of its operations, functions—and related
corruption. As an institution, the military has a long history of dominating both the public
and private sectors of Burma’s economy as well as major dealings in the black market
trade of drugs, timber, and blood rubies. It has been speculated that 50% of the nation’s
GDP came from illicit dealings, with money laundered through the state-run
conglomerate, Myanmar Oil and Gas Company (Kar & Spanjers, 2015). The state’s
involvement in Burma’s various illicit economic dealings further tightened its grip on
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