A/HRC/39/CRP.2 305. An announcement from February 2018, a copy of which was seen by the Mission, appears to indicate that there is an official policy in at least some areas of denying medical assistance to injured fighters. The letter sent by the Township Administrator in Muse Township, Shan State, to various township authorities, including the health department, refers to a bilateral agreement reached between the Union Government and China. It informs administrators and agencies to report to the nearest Tatmadaw base any injured fighters found without delay “and to make sure insurgents do not receive any treatment,” and that Chinese hospitals would also not accept wounded fighters.653 8. Emblematic incidents 306. This section presents in greater detail two situations that have occurred in Kachin and Shan States during the reporting period. They illustrate how the hostilities, and the conduct of the Tatmadaw in particular, gives rise to the types of gross human rights violations analysed above. They show how civilians are often victims of multiple violations concurrently. (a) Tanai Township, Kachin State – November 2017 to April 2018 307. The incidents that have taken place in Tanai Township, Kachin State, from November 2017 to April 2018 are illustrative of the manner in which the Tatmadaw’s operation directly and deliberately affect civilians. The area of Tanai that is the focus of the Tatmadaw offensive is controlled by the KIA. The Tatmadaw’s stated aim is to clear out the “illegal” mines in the area that provide a lucrative source of income for the KIA, and as such the military operations are in relation to control over these natural resources. 654 Mining in the area employs an estimated 100,000 people.655 308. Before the “clearance operations” began, the Tatmadaw dropped leaflets on 5 June 2017 to warn villagers living near the mining zones to clear the area within 10 days, causing civilians to flee. It then launched military offensives against key positions of the KIA. When the deadline passed, the Tatmadaw closed off routes to Tanai town, leaving remaining civilians at risk, and over the same period, the Tatmadaw restricted the delivery of rice and fuel to inhabitants of Tanai, creating food shortages. 656 Photo of leaflet dropped by the Tatmadaw on 5 June 2017 in Tanai Township657 309. For the next five months, the Tatmadaw and the KIA were engaged in a series of clashes, during which the Tatmadaw engaged in indiscriminate attacks on villages and 653 654 655 656 657 78 K-146.2. Primarily gold and amber but also jade, copper and ruby mines. PI-049, PI-103, V-62. Ibid. See this chapter, section A.7: Forced displacement, confiscation and destruction of property, and denial of humanitarian assistance. See for full translation of the text, this chapter, section A.7: Forced displacement, confiscation and destruction of property, and denial of humanitarian assistance.