A/HRC/39/CRP.2
violence by the military in this context. One woman who was detained for forced labour in
Bhamo Township in Kachin State in 2012 was kept as a sexual slave for up to seven days. 553
268. There was also a complete disregard for the humanity of the victims. Soldiers used
derogatory language, on ethnic or religious grounds, or dehumanising language against
victims.554 Others were subjected to death threats.555 For example, a female victim from PutaO Township, Kachin State, who was subjected to forced labour for several days in June 2015,
reported being subjected to death threats:
The soldiers came to our house and asked for one person for forced labour. As I was
the eldest sibling I had to go. We had to carry some bags which were very heavy. I
don’t know what was in them, the soldiers said “you shouldn’t ask anything. If you
ask we will kill you.” We weren’t allowed to rest all day. When it was dark we stopped
in the forest. We had to look for firewood and prepare dinner. Even though we cooked
the food, the soldiers did not offer us any. In the evening we had to keep working. They
kicked us saying “walk faster, walk faster.” One of the soldiers tried to rape me but I
pushed him hard and he fell down. He got very, very angry. He beat me but said this
time he would spare my life because I had lots of work still left to do. I still have scars
from the beating. The solders said that our lives were in their hands. That they could
do anything to us. They let us go but said they would be back as they had another task
for us. I felt that next time they might kill us so I could not stay in the village any
longer and I left. I will never forget this incident. Whenever it is getting dark I
remember it, I feel so overwhelmed and scared when I think about it.556
269. Those detained for forced labour were kept in inhuman conditions. 557 A number of
individuals told the Mission that, when detained for forced labour, they had to bring food, 558
were given insufficient food or food of poor quality559 or were not able to eat at all.560
Individuals reported they did not have access to water when needed and were kept in
inadequate accommodation, including in the open air without bedding and without adequate
sanitary facilities.561
270. Children detained for forced labour were also subjected to ill-treatment and inhuman
conditions of detention.562 For example, a child from Mongkaing Township, Shan State, who
was subjected to forced labour in 2011 when she was around 13 years old, described being
beaten after asking for water:
In 2011, my father was taken for forced labour even though he was old and sick. They
did not give him proper food and drink. Two days after he returned home, he died.
Later I was taken for forced labour. I had to carry heavy bags for three days. When
we asked for food, the soldiers got upset. I asked for water and they beat me for it. 563
271. Individuals subjected to forced labour were also sometimes required to fight or
participate in hostilities. Some individuals told the Mission that, during forced labour, they
were made to wear Tatmadaw uniforms or given guns. 564 For example, one individual from
Kunhing Township, Shan State, reported how he was given a gun after fighting broke out
while he was doing forced labour in April 2012:
The Tatmadaw were staying overnight in our village and then next morning they said
they needed porters and four of us had to go with them. While walking we encountered
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
PI-067. See this chapter, section A.4: Sexual and gender-based violence.
DI-063, DI-064, PI-007.
DI-065, PI-062.
DI-065.
See this chapter, section A.5: Arbitrary deprivation of liberty and enforced disappearance.
PI-003, PI-005, PI-007, PI-022.
PI-019, PI-020, PI-080, PI-083, PI-085.
PI- 096, QI-098.
See this chapter, section A.5: Arbitrary deprivation of liberty and enforced disappearance.
DI-063, DI-071, PI-022.
DI-071.
PI-011, PI-020, PI-085.
69