Section 3 | RULES OF THE GAME positions, even in Shan and Rakhine States, where the NLD did not win the most seats.184 In March 2016, Dr Lei Lei Maw and Nan Khin Htwe Myint were appointed as chief minister in Tanintharyi Region and Kayin State, respectively, becoming the first women to hold this position; chief ministers in the other twelve states and regions are all male.185 CASE STUDY: Connect to Learn The pilot Connect to Learn public-private partnership is integrating ICTs into pedagogy in thirty-one schools (June 2016 to March 2017). Partners include the MoE, MPT, UNESCO, UKAid, Qualcomm, Ericsson, Finja 5, and Columbia University in New York City. Ericsson worked with MPT to upgrade 2G networks to 3G in towns where the project is being implemented, and MPT committed to cover internet connectivity for two years. In 2016, UNESCO trained 150 teachers of grades seven through ten in thirty-one schools, who then reached about 21,000 students, about half of whom were female. The teachers, the majority of whom are women, were using tablets and cloud-based technology in their classrooms for the first time. The project provided tablets preloaded with an Android app for mathematics, English, and life skills that is aligned with the standard grade-level curricula. The app has tailored content for boys and girls; life skills include information on human rights, peacebuilding, leadership, and sexual and reproductive health. The app is currently only available in the Myanmar language and there are no plans to add other languages. In fall of 2016, UNESCO and the MoE were in discussions about the MoE potentially assuming ownership of the app in order to scale the program in the future. Women political leaders are progressively rarer the more local the position (see figure 13 below). Prior to 2015, women accounted for only 3 percent of locally elected MPs across the states and regions and only 2 percent of state and regional ministers. The situation improved incrementally with the November 2015 elections: taken together, women MPs make up 9 percent of the 884 total (13 percent if you exclude appointed MPs). The largest proportion was in Mon State with 19 percent, whereas three states have no female MPs at all (Chin, Kayah, and Rakhine).186 An extensive report on women’s participation in subnational governance in Myanmar by the ADB found that at the township level and village it is almost nonexistent—0 percent of administrators were at township level and 0.11 percent were village heads.187 Significantly, township administrators are described as key decision-makers at the township level, who are appointed by the Tatmadaw-controlled GAD (as were village/ward tract administrators up until 2012188). In an interview with ADB, a senior national-level GAD official stated that there are no rules prohibiting women from becoming township administrators. International Crisis Group, Myanmar’s New Government. Minoletti, Gender (In)equality in the Governance of Myanmar. 186 Ibid. 187 Paul Minoletti, Women’s Participation in the Subnational Governance of Myanmar, Discussion Paper No. 3, (Manila: ADB, UKAID, and DFAT, June 2014). 188 UNDP Myanmar, Women in Local Leadership: Leadership Journeys of Myanmar’s Female Village Tract/ Ward Administrators (Yangon: UNDP Myanmar, November 2015). 184 185 Ending the Gender Digital Divide in Myanmar: A Problem-Driven Political Economy Assessment | 56