! ? INTRODUCTION ABSTRACT Despite information disorder being a widespread problem in countries in the Global South, the study of this phenomenon remains dominated by examples, case studies, and models from the Global North. Knowledge about the various manifestations of information disorder, the range of responses, and the success rate of interventions to counter the disorder remains fragmented and partial. In order to gain a better understanding of the knowledge gaps and areas where further research is required, as well as to identify opportunities for inter- and intraregional cooperation, a scoping study of efforts to counter information disorder in the Global South was needed. The project that was subsequently launched had three interconnected objectives: 1. To map the actors currently working to counter information disorder and to identify the frameworks upon which such interventions are based 2. To learn from current approaches, tools, and methods used to counter information disorder 3. To gain an overview of the research landscape and to identify key issues and questions for further research. This scoping study provides an overview of key stakeholders and regional networks and a wide overview of approaches, tools, and methods being used currently. On the basis of the information gathered through this scoping, an agenda for further research and areas for intervention has been identified. Further research on information disorder I N FO R M ATI O N D I SO R D ER IN THE GLOBA L SOUTH in the Global South must be encouraged; a critical praxis approach, in which academic scholarship and practical action research can inform each other in ways that are mutually beneficial, must be adopted, and journalism should be supported as a public good while continuing efforts to ensure ethical, trustworthy, and quality journalistic content. 1. INFORMATION DISORDER AS A PROBLEM IN THE GLOBAL SOUTH Despite information disorder being a widespread problem in countries in the Global South, the study of this phenomenon remains dominated by theoretical paradigms, examples, and case studies drawn from relatively recent experiences in Global North contexts. This is despite the fact that information disorder in the Global South is a much older problem, often predating the social media era. Across the Global South, organizations and movements have arisen to combat this problem. More research on the way that these organizations work; on how their responses are informed by social, political, economic, and historical contexts; and on their successes and challenges can provide important insight into how to design responses to improve the quality of information, enhance access Introduction – 07