Joseph Waring, “Myanmar 4G newcomers ready to roll,” Mobile World Live, February 14, 2018, https://www.mobileworldlive.com/asia/asianews/myanmar-4g-newcomers-ready-to-roll/. 110 Even at the last moment, MPs attempted to derail the process of giving out licences, see Gwen Robinson, “Myanmar telco auction: the good and the bad,” Financial Times, June 27, 2013, https://www.ft.com/content/befaee5a-22cc-33e3-a8d3-84ce27742dc3. 111 Anonymous source with direct experience, June 15, 2020. 112 “Realising Digital Myanmar,” Telenor, February 2018, https://www.telenor.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Telenor-Realising-DigitalMyanmar-Report-06-February.pdf. 113 Aung Kyaw Nyunt, “Yangon warns telecoms to get proper permits,” Myanmar Times, December 4, 2017, https://www.mmtimes.com/news/yangon-warns-telecoms-get-proper-permits.html. 114 Chester Toh and Jainil Bhandari, “Myanmar: The Legal Landscape,” Getting the Deal Through, November 2018, https://gettingthedealthrough.com/country-focus/article/6460/myanmar-legal-landscape. 115 Andrew Nachemson and Lun Min Mang, “Fighting in Rakhine, Chin states rages as Myanmar limits internet,” Al Jazeera, March 5, 2020, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/fighting-rakhine-chin-states-rages-myanmar-limits-internet-200304033937563.html. 116 Discussions with participants at the Myanmar Digital Rights Forum in Yangon on January 18, 2019. 117 Namali Premawardhana, “Myanmar forges ahead in ICT,” Myanmar Times, December 18, 2017, https://www.mmtimes.com/news/myanmarforges-ahead-ict.html. 118 Discussions with experts at the Myanmar Digital Rights Forum on January 18, 2019. 119 “Facebook accuses telecoms groups of disinformation tactics,” Financial Times, February 12, 2020, https://www.ft.com/content/1096ad54-4d5f11ea-95a0-43d18ec715f5; See the original announcement at Nathaniel Gleicher, “Removing Coordinated Inauthentic Behavior From Russia, Iran, Vietnam and Myanmar,” Facebook, February 12, 2020, https://about.fb.com/news/2020/02/removing-coordinated-inauthentic-behavior/. 120 “Facebook removes network of fake accounts promoting military-backed telecom with $1.2m misinformation campaign,” Myanmar Now, February 14, 2020, https://myanmar-now.org/en/news/facebook-removes-network-of-fake-accounts-promoting-military-backed-telecom-with12m?page=2. 121 Feedback from human rights defenders working on digital rights in Yangon, Myanmar Digital Rights Forum, January 2018, https://phandeeyar.org/category/digital-rights/. 122 Discussions with digital rights activist in Yangon, March 2019. 123 Zaw Zaw Htwe and Aung Kyaw Nyunt, “Critics rail against govt budget for monitoring of Facebook,” Myanmar Times, March 22, 2018, https://www.mmtimes.com/news/critics-rail-against-govt-budget-monitoring-facebook.html. 124 Chester Toh and Jainil Bhandari, “Myanmar: The Legal Landscape,” Getting the Deal Through, November 2018, https://gettingthedealthrough.com/country-focus/article/6460/myanmar-legal-landscape. 125 Andrew Nachemson and Lun Min Mang, “Fighting in Rakhine, Chin states rages as Myanmar limits internet,” Al Jazeera, March 5, 2020, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/fighting-rakhine-chin-states-rages-myanmar-limits-internet-200304033937563.html. 126 Discussions with participants at the Myanmar Digital Rights Forum in Yangon on January 18, 2019. 127 Namali Premawardhana, “Myanmar forges ahead in ICT,” Myanmar Times, December 18, 2017, https://www.mmtimes.com/news/myanmarforges-ahead-ict.html. 128 Discussions with experts at the Myanmar Digital Rights Forum on January 18, 2019. 129 “Facebook accuses telecoms groups of disinformation tactics,” Financial Times, February 12, 2020, https://www.ft.com/content/1096ad54-4d5f11ea-95a0-43d18ec715f5; See the original announcement at Nathaniel Gleicher, “Removing Coordinated Inauthentic Behavior From Russia, Iran, Vietnam and Myanmar,” Facebook, February 12, 2020, https://about.fb.com/news/2020/02/removing-coordinated-inauthentic-behavior/. 130 “Facebook removes network of fake accounts promoting military-backed telecom with $1.2m misinformation campaign,” Myanmar Now, February 14, 2020, https://myanmar-now.org/en/news/facebook-removes-network-of-fake-accounts-promoting-military-backed-telecom-with12m?page=2. 131 Feedback from human rights defenders working on digital rights in Yangon, Myanmar Digital Rights Forum, January 2018, https://phandeeyar.org/category/digital-rights/. 132 Discussions with digital rights activist in Yangon, March 2019. 133 Zaw Zaw Htwe and Aung Kyaw Nyunt, “Critics rail against govt budget for monitoring of Facebook,” Myanmar Times, March 22, 2018, https://www.mmtimes.com/news/critics-rail-against-govt-budget-monitoring-facebook.html. 134 4 ့ ဝက် ဘ်ဆိ4က်များကိ4 ဖ4 နး် ေအာ်ပေရတာ ၂ ခ4က ပိတ် [Two Rakhine news outlets; AA Chan Thar and Aung Nyein Chan, “ရခိ4င ်သတင်းဌာန ၂ ခ4 ၊ AA တိ၏ 109 websites blocked by two phone operators],” Myanmar Now, March 26, 2020, https://myanmar-now.org/mm/news/3391. 135 “Gov’t Blocks Ethnic Media Groups From Mobile Networks,” BNI Multimedia Group, April 1, 2020, https://www.bnionline.net/en/news/govtblocks-ethnic-media-groups-mobile-networks. 136 “Blocking of 230 websites in Myanmar based on directive from the authorities,” Telenor, April 22, 2020, https://www.telenor.com.mm/en/article/blocking-230-websites-myanmar-based-directive-authorities. 137 Yangon, “Blocking of 230 websites in Myanmar based on directive from the authorities,” Telenor, April 22, 2020, https://www.telenor.com.mm/en/article/blocking-230-websites-myanmar-based-directive-authorities. 138 Chan Thar and Aung Nyein Chan, “Telenor reverses stance, blocks ethnic news media amid crackdown on journalists,” Myanmar Now, April 2, 2020, https://myanmar-now.org/en/news/telenor-reverses-stance-blocks-ethnic-news-media-amid-crackdown-on-journalists. 139 “Directive from authorities to block additional websites in Myanmar,” Telenor, May 7, 2020, https://www.telenor.com.mm/en/article/directiveauthorities-block-additional-websites-myanmar. 140 Thompson Chau and John Liu, “Myanmar blocks website of rights group of Tatmadaw,” MMtimes, August 31, 2020, https://www.mmtimes.com/news/myanmar-blocks-website-rights-group-critical-tatmadaw.html 141 “250 organisations condemn Myanmar government order to block websites,” Free Expression Myanmar, April 2, 2020, http://freeexpressionmyanmar.org/250-organisations-condemn-myanmar-government-order-to-block-websites/. 142 ့ ဝက်ဘ်ဆိ4က်များကိ4 ဖ4နး် ေအာ်ပေရတာ ၂ ခ4 က ပိ တ် [Two Rakhine news outlets; AA Chan Thar and Aung Nyein Chan, “ရခိ4င ်သတင်းဌာန ၂ ခ4 ၊ AA တိ4 ၏ websites blocked by two phone operators],” Myanmar Now, March 26, 2020, https://myanmar-now.org/mm/news/3391. “Gov’t Blocks Ethnic Media Groups From Mobile Networks,” BNI Multimedia Group, April 1, 2020, https://www.bnionline.net/en/news/govtblocks-ethnic-media-groups-mobile-networks. 144 “Blocking of 230 websites in Myanmar based on directive from the authorities,” Telenor, April 22, 2020, https://www.telenor.com.mm/en/article/blocking-230-websites-myanmar-based-directive-authorities. 145 Yangon, “Blocking of 230 websites in Myanmar based on directive from the authorities,” Telenor, April 22, 2020, https://www.telenor.com.mm/en/article/blocking-230-websites-myanmar-based-directive-authorities. 146 Chan Thar and Aung Nyein Chan, “Telenor reverses stance, blocks ethnic news media amid crackdown on journalists,” Myanmar Now, April 2, 2020, https://myanmar-now.org/en/news/telenor-reverses-stance-blocks-ethnic-news-media-amid-crackdown-on-journalists. 143 Free Expression Myanmar (FEM) and Freedom House - Freedom of the Net: Myanmar - အင်တာနက်ေပ*တွင် လွတ်လပ်မ/ - ြမန်မာ2ိ4င်ငံ - Page 49