11/17/25, 1:49 PM Myanmar: Freedom on the Net 2025 Country Report | Freedom House 2025, respectively, to punish their independent reporting for online outlets. They were among hundreds of journalists whom the authorities had unjustly detained or imprisoned since the 2021 coup (C3 and C7). 9 Political Overview Military commanders seized control of Myanmar’s government in February 2021, ending a period of power sharing between military and civilian leaders under a 2008 constitution that had been drafted by a previous junta. Since the coup, the military has violently suppressed peaceful civic dissent and battled a sizable armed resistance movement that has widespread popular support and includes various armed ethnic minority groups. The National League for Democracy (NLD), which led the civilian government before the coup and won a sweeping victory in the November 2020 elections, serves as the political backbone of a National Unity Government (NUG). Armed ethnic groups and resistance groups with ties to the NUG exercise partial or effective control over a growing swathe of territory. Millions of people remain displaced or have been newly displaced by the ongoing civil war, with many seeking refuge abroad. This report has been abridged for Freedom on the Net 2025 due to ongoing budget constraints. Please consider making a donation to support future editions of this vital resource. For additional background information, see last year’s full report. A. Obstacles to Access A1 0-6 pts Do infrastructural limitations restrict access to the internet or the speed and quality of internet connections? 2/6 A2 0-3 pts https://freedomhouse.org/country/myanmar/freedom-net/2025 3/9