1. Cambodia
DEMOCRATIC STATUS
OF THE COUNTRY
YEAR
(according to the Freedom
In The World index)
2020
25/100
2021
24/100
2022
24/100
2023
24/100
DIGITAL SPACE & ONLINE FREEDOM
STATUS OF THE COUNTRY
(Digital Space Status)
(according to the World’s Press
Freedom Index)
43/100
144/180 (54,54)
(Not
NOT Free)
FREE
NOT Free)
FREE
(Not
(Not
NOT Free)
FREE
(Not
NOT Free)
FREE
FREE
Scores
100-70
PRESS & MEDIA FREEDOM
STATUS OF THE COUNTRY
(Partly
PARTLYFree)
FREE
DIFFICULT
Difficult
43/100
144/180 (53,16)
PARTLYFree)
FREE
(Partly
DIFFICULT
Difficult
43/100
142/180 (43,48)
(Partly
PARTLYFree)
FREE
VERY
VerySERIOUS
Serious
44/100
147/180 (42,02)
(Partly
PARTLYFree)
FREE
PARTLY FREE
Scores
69-40
VerySERIOUS
Serious
VERY
NOT FREE
Scores
39-0
GOOD
SATISFACTORY
PROBLEMATIC
DIFFICULT
VERY SERIOUS
85–100 points
75–85 points
65–75 points
45–65 points
0–45 points
Fig. 1.1: Summary of freedom ratings for Cambodia, 2020-2023.1
1.1 Legal Framework
Freedom of Expression is Guaranteed
but Illegitimately Restricted
The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia explicitly
applies only to Cambodian citizens, the freedom of
guarantees the right to freedom of expression, press
expression of foreigners living in Cambodia is protected
and publication for all Khmer citizens, under Article
under Article 31, which makes international human
41. However, such a right cannot be exercised to
rights instruments directly applicable in Cambodia’s
“infringe upon the rights of others, to affect the good
domestic law.3 Nevertheless, there are multiple
traditions of the society, to violate public law and
repressive laws that illegitimately restrict freedom
order and national security.”2 Although this article
of expression, whether for Khmers or foreigners.
40
Dawn of Digital Dictatorship: Weaponizing the Law Against Online Speech in Southeast Asia