ASEAN Regional Coalition to #StopDigitalDictatorship Fig. G: Summary table of international human rights laws and standards.(continuous) Article 17: “No one shall be subjected to arbitrary or unlawful interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to unlawful attacks on his honour and reputation.” It also upholds the right of persons to receive legal protection from such interference or attacks. Ratified Cambodia (May 26, 1992) Indonesia (Feb. 23, 2006) Lao PDR (Sept. 25, 2009) ICCPR Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression (2016) juncto Report of the OHCHR on the right to privacy in the digital age (2014) General comment no. 16: Article 17 (right to privacy): This Article is intended to protect against said infringements, both by states and private individuals. Further, “interference authorized by States can only take place on the basis of law, which itself must comply with the provisions, aims and objectives of the Covenant.” The principles of legality, necessity and proportionality also apply to privacy limitations.3 Legitimate surveillance, where intended to limit the freedom of expression, requires states to demonstrate the risk that the expression “poses to a definite interest in national security or public order.”4 All interference with the right to privacy must also be authorised by an independent oversight body through careful review, and be accompanied with an assurance of effective remedy in case of a breach.5 Philippines (Oct. 23, 1986) Thailand (Oct. 29, 1996) Vietnam (Sept. 24, 1982) Not signed or ratified Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore Non-binding (interpretive) RIGHTS OF HRDS International Human Rights Instruments UN Declaration on Human Rights Defenders Relevant Provisions and Interpretations Ratification/Voting/Adoption Date and Status Article 6: Provides for the right of persons to seek, obtain, receive and hold information about all human rights and fundamental freedoms; freely publish or impart or disseminate information and knowledge on all human rights and fundamental freedoms; and to study, discuss and hold opinions on the observance of these rights. Article 7: “Everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, to develop and discuss new human rights ideas and principles and to advocate their acceptance.” NOT Binding but serves as a cornerstone for the development and evolution of international human rights law Article 9: Everyone whose rights or freedoms pursuant to the Declaration are allegedly violated must be able to access an effective remedy and have their complaint heard by an independent, impartial and competent authority. 36 Dawn of Digital Dictatorship: Weaponizing the Law Against Online Speech in Southeast Asia