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ASEAN Regional Coalition to #StopDigitalDictatorship 82. Archyworldys, Three Journalists Have Been Imprisoned in the Jokowi-Ma’ruf Era Using the Snare of the ITE Law, (26 November 2021), available at: https://www.archyworldys.com/three-journalistshave-been-imprisoned-in-the-jokowi-maruf-erausing-the-snare-of-the-ite-law/; CNN Indonesia, Jurnalis Divonis 3 Bulan Penjara Usai Bongkar Dugaan Korupsi di Palopo, (23 November 2021), available at: https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ nasional/20211123161901-12-725045/jurnalis-divonis-3-bulan-penjara-usai-bongkar-dugaan-korupsi-di-palopo 83. Suara News, Di Hari Kemerdekaan, Jurnalis Diananta Putra Sumedi Resmi Bebas, (17 August 2020), available at: https://www.suara. com/news/2020/08/17/200540/di-hari-kermerdekaan-jurnalis-diananta-putra-sumedi-resmi-bebas?page=all 84. Manushya Foundation, Indonesia: Small Business Owner Wahyu Dwi Nugroho’s Conviction Challenges Free Speech, (1 August 2023), available at: https:// www.manushyafoundation.org/post/indonesia-small-business-owner-wahyu-dwi-nugroho-s-conviction-challenges-free-speech 85. The Jakarta Post, New ‘virtual police’ adds to fears over loss of online civic space, civil freedoms, (19 March 2021), available at: https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2021/03/19/new-virtual-policeadds-to-fears-over-loss-of-online-civic-space-civilfreedoms.html; Tempo, Virtual Police Issue Warning to 200 Social Media Accounts, (13 April 2021), available at: https://en.tempo.co/read/1451994/ virtual-police-issue-warning-to-200-social-media-accounts 86. Association for Progressive Communication, A COVID-19 power grab: Looming digital authoritarianism in Indonesia, (26 October 2022), available at: https://www.apc.org/en/news/covid-19-power-grab-looming-digital-authoritarianism-indonesia 87. Reuters, EXCLUSIVE Indonesia preparing tough new curbs for online platforms-sources’, (23 March 2023), available at: https://www.reuters. com/world/asia-pacific/exclusive-indonesia-preparing-tough-new-curbs-online-platforms-sources-2022-03-23/ 88. Kontan, Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, Netflix Sudah Daftar PSE, Google, YouTube Belum, (20 July 2022), available at: https://nasional.kontan. co.id/news/facebook-whatsapp-instagram-netflix-sudah-daftar-pse-google-youtube-belum; Bisnis.com, Google dan YouTube Sudah Daftar, Ini Dia PSE yang Belum Daftar ke Kominfo, (24 July 2022), available at: https://teknologi.bisnis.com/ read/20220724/84/1558468/google-dan-youtubesudah-daftar-ini-dia-pse-yang-belum-daftar-kekominfo Indonesia 89. Reuters, Indonesia blocks Yahoo, Paypal, gaming websites over license breaches, (2 August 2022), available at: https://www.reuters.com/technology/ indonesia-blocks-yahoo-paypal-gaming-websites-over-licence-breaches-2022-07-30/ 90. CNBC Indonesia, Kominfo Ancam Blokir PSE yang Sudah Daftar, jika…, (3 August 2022), available at: https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/ tech/20220803175637-37-360891/kominfo-ancamblokir-pse-yang-sudah-daftar-jika 91. Suara News, Klaim untuk Lindungi Masyarakat, Menkominfo Sebut Pendaftaran PSE Tidak Terkait Data Pribadi, (1 August 2022), available at: https:// www.suara.com/news/2022/08/01/121615/ klaim-untuk-lindungi-masyarakat-menkominfo-sebut-pendaftaran-pse-tidak-terkait-data-pribadi 92. Citizen Lab, Pegasus vs. Predator Dissident’s Doubly-Infected iPhone Reveals Cytrox Mercenary Spyware, (16 December 2021), available at: https:// citizenlab.ca/2021/12/pegasus-vs-predator-dissidents-doubly-infected-iphone-reveals-cytrox-mercenary-spyware/ 93. Citizen Lab, Running in Circles Uncovering the Clients of Cyberespionage Firm Circles, (1 December 2020), available at: https://citizenlab.ca/2020/12/ running-in-circles-uncovering-the-clients-of-cyberespionage-firm-circles/ 94. Benar News, Whistle-blower: Indonesia may have used Israeli malware to spy on political opponents, (12 June 2023), available at: https://www. benarnews.org/english/news/indonesian/israelispyware-used-by-state-agencies- 06122023115033. html 95. Britannica, Pegasus (spyware), (n.d.), available at: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pegasus-spyware; Amnesty International, Emergency update for all Apple users: Everything you need to know about Pegasus spyware, (23 September 2021), available at: https://www.amnesty.org.au/everything-youneed-to-know-about-pegasus- spyware/ 96. The Jakarta Post, Israeli-made spyware Pegasus used in Indonesia since 2018, says IndonesiaLeaks, (14 June 2023), available at: https://www. thejakartapost.com/indonesia/2023/06/14/ israeli-made-spyware-pegasus-used- in-indonesia-since-2018-says-indonesialeaks.htm 97. Citizen Lab, Tracking NSO Group’s Pegasus Spyware to Operations in 45 Countries, (18 September 2018), available at: https://citizenlab.ca/2018/09/hideand-seek-tracking-nso-groups-pegasus-spyware-tooperations-in- 45-countries/; Human Rights Watch, Human Rights Watch Among Pegasus Spyware Targets, (26 January 2022), available at: https:// www.hrw.org/news/2022/01/26/human-rightswatch-among-pegasus-spyware-targets; Access 111

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Dawn of Digital Dictatorship: Weaponizing the Law Against Online Speech in Southeast Asia March 2024

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English

Topic

Digital Rights
Digital Surveillance
Information Operation
Internet Restrictions

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MANUSHYA

Date Published: Mar 8, 2024

Abstract: Dawn of Digital Dictatorship: Weaponizing the Law Against Online Speech in Southeast Asia March 2024 Whether we like it or not, we are living through a pivotal moment for the future of human rights. This includes the issue of our digital rights, and the question of our online freedoms. In places like Southeast Asia, where the majority of its peoples are experiencing immense threats to their online and offline freedoms, at the hands of opportunistic governments and corporations, this is especially prevalent. The digital space has become an integral part of human life, and is still growing in its influence over our world. Accordingly, if our freedoms in the digital space are endangered, our freedoms overall are endangered as well.

It is understandable to feel powerless while possessing this knowledge. But it is not enough to just know about the forces acting against our human rights, and understand that they are dangerous. If we truly want to create a safer, more equitable, more liberated world - which we all know, deep down, is possible - we must understand these forces, and act accordingly. We must equip ourselves with knowledge about what governments, corporations, and other powers that be are doing, alongside demanding our rights to freedom. The powers that be have weaponised the online and digital space, as well as the law, against the people that these things are supposed to serve and protect. It is our right to protect ourselves with research, knowledge, advocacy, and the power of the people. When we understand the powers we are up against, fighting back will become less daunting.

This is what our report, titled Dawn of Digital Dictatorship: Weaponizing the Law Against Online Speech in Southeast Asia, is for. Join us in powering ourselves with knowledge, in order to compel ourselves to action!

As always, our work is rooted in decolonial, feminist, intersectional values, with historically marginalised people at the centre. Thus, this work was a collaboration between a coalition of groups oriented in these values: ALTSEAN-Burma, Cambodian Center for Human Rights, ELSAM, Free Expression Myanmar, Foundation for Media Alternatives, ILGA Asia, Manushya Foundation, The Rohingya Maìyafuìnor Collaborative Network, SAFEnet, Viet Tan, and Women’s Peace Network. What is the ASEAN Regional Coalition to #StopDigitalDictatorship? The ASEAN Regional Coalition to #StopDigitalDictatorship was established in 2020, by human rights and digital rights activists from Southeast Asia, on a mission to decolonize digital rights and restore our online democracies.

Together, we stand in solidarity with one another, with people from the Global Majority, resisting and pushing back against authoritarian governments and complicit tech companies.

We tell our realities from the ground, and we develop solutions together.

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Manushya Report 2024 - FULL REPORT - Book File-compressed.pdf
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Dawn of Digital Dictatorship: Weaponizing the Law Against Online Speech in Southeast Asia March 2024

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