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ASEAN Regional Coalition to #StopDigitalDictatorship Endnotes 1. Freedom House, Freedom In The World 2020: Indonesia, (n.d.), available at: https://freedomhouse.org/ country/indonesia/freedom-world/2020; Freedom House, Freedom On The Net 2020: Indonesia, (n.d.), available at: https://freedomhouse.org/ country/indonesia/freedom-net/2020; Reporters sans frontières, RSF’s World Press Freedom Index, 2020, (n.d.), available at: https://rsf.org/ en/index?year=2020; Freedom House, FREEDOM IN THE WORLD 2021: Indonesia, (n.d.), available at: https://freedomhouse.org/country/indonesia/ freedom-world/2021; Freedom House, FREEDOM On The Net 2021: Indonesia, (n.d.), available at: https://freedomhouse.org/country/indonesia/freedom-net/2021; Reporters sans frontières, RSF’s World Press Freedom Index, 2021, (n.d.), available at: https://rsf.org/en/index?year=2021; Freedom House, FREEDOM IN THE WORLD 2022: Indonesia, (n.d.), available at: https://freedomhouse.org/ country/indonesia/freedom-world/2022; Freedom House, FREEDOM On The Net 2022: Indonesia, (n.d.), available at: https://freedomhouse.org/ country/indonesia/freedom-net/2022; Reporters sans frontières, RSF’s World Press Freedom Index, 2022, (n.d.), available at:https://rsf.org/en/ index?year=2022; Freedom House, FREEDOM IN THE WORLD 2023: Indonesia, (n.d.), available at: https://freedomhouse.org/country/indonesia/ freedom-world/2023; Freedom House, FREEDOM On The Net 2023: Indonesia, (n.d.), available at: https://freedomhouse.org/country/indonesia/freedom-net/2023; Reporters sans frontières, RSF’s World Press Freedom Index, 2023, (n.d.), available at:https://rsf.org/en/index?year=2023 2. Indonesia’s Constitution of 1945, Reinstated in 1959, with Amendments through 2002, available at: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/ Indonesia_2002.pdf?lang=en 3. Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 39 of 1999 on Human Rights, available at: https://www. peraturan.go.id/files2/uu-no-39-tahun-1999_terjemah.pdf 4. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Ratification Status for Indonesia, available at: https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/TreatyBodyExternal/Treaty.aspx?CountryID=80&Lang=EN 5. ASEAN Parliamentarians for Human Rights, Indonesia should set example on safeguarding digital rights ahead of elections, Southeast Asian MPs say, (30 May 2023), available at: https://aseanmp. org/2023/05/30/indonesia-should-set-exampleon-safeguarding-digital-rights-ahead-of-electionssoutheast-asian-mps-say/ Indonesia 6. Media Defence, Explaining the Issues: Sedition, (13 November 2013), available at: https://www.mediadefence.org/news/explaining-the-issues-sedition/ 7. Jurnal Kawistara, RELIGIOUS BLASPHEMY AND MONITORY SOCIETY IN INDONESIAN DIGITAL AGE, (2019), available at: https://journal.ugm.ac.id/kawistara/article/view/41169 8. Law of The Republic of Indonesia Number 1 Of 2023 on Criminal Code, available at: https:// the-world-is-watching.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Indonesia-Penal-Code.pdf; Law Number 1 of 2024, Second Amendment to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions, available at: https://peraturan.go.id/law; Manushya Foundation, Joint Solidarity Statement: Unmasking Digital Oppression: Second Revisions to Indonesia’s EIT Law Fuelling Online Repression, (30 November 2023), available at: https://www.manushyafoundation.org/unmaskingdigitaloppression; Manushya Foundation, Indonesia’s New Criminal Code Is a Massive Threat to Human Rights, (9 December 2022), available at: https://www.manushyafoundation.org/post/indonesia-s-new-criminal-code-is-a-massive-threat-tohuman-rights; 9. Butt, S. (2023). Indonesia’s new Criminal Code: indigenising and democratising Indonesian criminal law? Griffith Law Review, 32(2), 190–214. https:// doi.org/10.1080/10383441.2023.2243772 10. Law of The Republic of Indonesia Number 1 Of 2023 on Criminal Code, available at: https:// the-world-is-watching.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Indonesia-Penal-Code.pdf; Manushya Foundation, Indonesia’s New Criminal Code Is a Massive Threat to Human Rights, (9 December 2022), available at: https://www.manushyafoundation.org/post/indonesia-s-new-criminalcode-is-a-massive-threat-to-human-rights; Hukum Online, New Indonesian Criminal Law Code to Come into Force by 2 January 2026, (4 January 2023), available at: https://pro.hukumonline.com/a/lt63b52cdab1027/new-indonesian-criminal-law-code-tocome-into-force-by-2-january-2026/ 11. Indonesian Institute the Independent Judiciary (Lembaga Kajian dan Advokasi Independensi Peradilan (LeIP)), Protecting Expression Criminal and Human Rights Law Analysis of Court Judgements in Indonesia, (2023), available at: https://leip.or.id/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/ eBook-Protection-Expression-Criminal-and-Human-Rights-Law-Analysis-of-Court-Judgements-in-Indonesia.pdf; Carter-Ruck, Defamation and Privacy Law in Indonesia, (n.d)., available 105

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Dawn of Digital Dictatorship: Weaponizing the Law Against Online Speech in Southeast Asia March 2024

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Topic

Digital Rights
Digital Surveillance
Information Operation
Internet Restrictions

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MANUSHYA

Date Published: Mar 8, 2024

Abstract: Dawn of Digital Dictatorship: Weaponizing the Law Against Online Speech in Southeast Asia March 2024 Whether we like it or not, we are living through a pivotal moment for the future of human rights. This includes the issue of our digital rights, and the question of our online freedoms. In places like Southeast Asia, where the majority of its peoples are experiencing immense threats to their online and offline freedoms, at the hands of opportunistic governments and corporations, this is especially prevalent. The digital space has become an integral part of human life, and is still growing in its influence over our world. Accordingly, if our freedoms in the digital space are endangered, our freedoms overall are endangered as well.

It is understandable to feel powerless while possessing this knowledge. But it is not enough to just know about the forces acting against our human rights, and understand that they are dangerous. If we truly want to create a safer, more equitable, more liberated world - which we all know, deep down, is possible - we must understand these forces, and act accordingly. We must equip ourselves with knowledge about what governments, corporations, and other powers that be are doing, alongside demanding our rights to freedom. The powers that be have weaponised the online and digital space, as well as the law, against the people that these things are supposed to serve and protect. It is our right to protect ourselves with research, knowledge, advocacy, and the power of the people. When we understand the powers we are up against, fighting back will become less daunting.

This is what our report, titled Dawn of Digital Dictatorship: Weaponizing the Law Against Online Speech in Southeast Asia, is for. Join us in powering ourselves with knowledge, in order to compel ourselves to action!

As always, our work is rooted in decolonial, feminist, intersectional values, with historically marginalised people at the centre. Thus, this work was a collaboration between a coalition of groups oriented in these values: ALTSEAN-Burma, Cambodian Center for Human Rights, ELSAM, Free Expression Myanmar, Foundation for Media Alternatives, ILGA Asia, Manushya Foundation, The Rohingya Maìyafuìnor Collaborative Network, SAFEnet, Viet Tan, and Women’s Peace Network. What is the ASEAN Regional Coalition to #StopDigitalDictatorship? The ASEAN Regional Coalition to #StopDigitalDictatorship was established in 2020, by human rights and digital rights activists from Southeast Asia, on a mission to decolonize digital rights and restore our online democracies.

Together, we stand in solidarity with one another, with people from the Global Majority, resisting and pushing back against authoritarian governments and complicit tech companies.

We tell our realities from the ground, and we develop solutions together.

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Dawn of Digital Dictatorship: Weaponizing the Law Against Online Speech in Southeast Asia March 2024

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