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5/24/22, 7:45 PM Myanmar: Data on internet blocks and internet outages following military coup | OONI Source: OONI measurements collected from Myanmar between 1st February 2021 to 25th February 2021, https://explorer.ooni.org/search?since=2021-0201&probe_cc=MM&until=2021-02-25 The above chart aggregates the OONI Probe measurement coverage that each social media domain received (across networks in Myanmar) between 1st February 2021 to 25th February 2021. The measurements are colour-coded based on the Web Connectivity test results; it is evident that most measurements presented TCP/IP anomalies, suggesting the IP blocking of Twitter, Facebook, WhatsApp, and Instagram on most tested networks in Myanmar. In some cases though (on the following 6 networks: AS58952, AS133385, AS136255, AS63852, AS18399, AS136783), we see these social media sites blocked in different ways. Measurements that are annotated as confirmed in the above chart pertain to cases where we were able to automatically confirm blocking based on the detection of block pages. We were able to confirm blocking because OONI network measurement data shows that those ISPs implemented DNS based interference which returned IP addresses (59.153.90.11, 167.172.4.60) that host block pages, such as the following: Image: Block page served in Myanmar. It’s worth noting though that the same ISPs which served block pages through DNS based interference were also found to implement IP based blocking as well. In other words, OONI data shows that ISPs in Myanmar adopt a mixture of censorship techniques – in some cases serving block pages, while in other cases implementing what looks like IP based blocking. More details are available through our analysis. Overall, from the above chart on social media blocking in Myanmar, we see that: There was a significant increase in OONI Probe measurement coverage towards the end of the analysis period; Most measurements present TCP/IP level interference, suggesting IP based blocking on most networks; Some ISPs blocked a few of these sites by means of DNS interference, returning IP addresses that host block pages https://ooni.org/post/2021-myanmar-internet-blocks-and-outages/ 4/16

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Myanmar: Data on internet blocks and internet outages following military coup

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English

Topic

Internet Connectivity / Accessibility
Internet Restrictions
Military Coup

Author(s)

Arturo Filastò
Maria Xynou
Myanmar ICT for Development Organization (MIDO)
Open Observatory of Network Interference (OONI)
Phyu Phyu Kyaw
Ramakrishna Padmanabhan

Date Published: Mar 9, 2021

Abstract: On 1st February 2021, the military in Myanmar carried out a coup d’etat, seizing power and detaining the country’s State Counsellor (equivalent to a prime minister) and other democratically elected leaders.

A few days after the coup, ISPs in Myanmar started blocking access to Facebook services. On 5th February 2021, they started blocking access to Twitter and Instagram as well. On 6th February 2021, access to the internet was shut down entirely for nearly 30 hours. When internet connectivity was restored, social media blocks remained in place and they are currently ongoing. Since 15th February 2021, access to the internet has been shut down every night (between around 1am to 9am local time) in Myanmar. More recently, some ISPs in Myanmar appear to have started blocking access to Wikipedia as well.

In this report, we share OONI data on the blocking of social media, Wikipedia, and circumvention tool sites in Myanmar following the military coup. To demonstrate the internet outages that Myanmar experienced every night over the past weeks, we share IODA data (and other public data sources monitoring internet traffic).

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Myanmar: Data on internet blocks and internet outages following military coup

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