Digitalizing Myanmar: Connectivity Developments in Political Transitions – Andrea Calderaro Internet Policy Observatory Center for Global Communication Studies / Annenberg School for Communication University of Pennsylvania Digitalizing Myanmar Connectivity Developments in Political Transitions Andrea Calderaro European University Institute Andrea.Calderaro@eui.eu Abstract In the midst of rapid socio-political transition, Myanmar is building its telecommunications infrastructure by opening its market to international mobile companies and engaging in national regulatory reform. With one of the lowest internet and mobile subscriber rates in the world, Myanmar faces multiple challenges in building connectivity from both an infrastructural and a policy perspective. Telecom developments could play a significant role in modernizing the country as it emerges from decades of political repression, and although the domestic connectivity plan is moving forward, several challenges need to be dealt with quickly in order to ensure a safe and accessible digital environment. This paper explores connectivity developments in Myanmar, paying particular attention to the opening of the mobile market to international companies, the launch of the new national telecom law, and the development of policies securing digital rights. Keywords: Connectivity Building, Internet Governance, Telecom Regulation, Internet and Human Rights, Freedom of Expression, Digital Privacy, Corporate Social Responsibility 1