The most common method of phone top-up in Myanmar was the use of top-up cards. Ninety-eight percent of active SIM card owners used top-up cards to pay for their day to day phone expenditures. (Figure 51). 2% 98% Top-up cards Other Figure 51: Method of top-up for primary SIM card (% of active SIM card owners aged 15-65) In 2016, the average spend on top-ups was MMK 7,494 (USD 6.2). If broken down, it is evident that the averages expenditure on primary SIM was greater at MMK 6,592 (USD 5.5), compared to the expenditure on the secondary SIM, which was MMK 3,857 (USD 3.2)6 (Figure 52). Figure 52: Expenditure on top-ups (MMK/USD) 6 Note: Exchange rate at the time of fieldwork used to convert MMK to USD. The currency had depreciated from 2015 to 2016, leading to different USD values. 62 ICTs in Myanmar: 2016