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International Journal of Communication 13(2019) Extreme Speech in Myanmar 3219 HRW (Human Rights Watch). (2014). Burma: Government plan would segregate Rohingya. Retrieved from https://www.hrw.org/news/2014/10/03/burma-government-plan-would-segregate-rohingya HRW (Human Rights Watch). (2016). “They can arrest you at any time”: The criminalization of peaceful expression in Burma. Retrieved from https://www.hrw.org/report/2016/06/29/they-can-arrest-youany-time/criminalization-peaceful-expression-burma HRW (Human Rights Watch). (2017a). Burma: Don’t prosecute peaceful speech. Retrieved from https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/01/24/burma-dont-prosecute-peaceful-speech HRW (Human Rights Watch). (2017b). Burma: Military commits crimes against humanity. Retrieved from https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/09/25/burma-military-commits-crimes-against-humanity HRW (Human Rights Watch). (2017c). Burma: New satellite images confirm mass destruction. Retrieved from https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/10/17/burma-new-satellite-images-confirm-massdestruction Htay Lwin Oo. (2013, March 17). Mr Htay Lwin Oo speech in ANU on Rohingya history [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jE-JV4d1cx8 Hunt, K. (2017a, September 20). How Myanmar’s Buddhists actually feel about the Rohingya. CNN. Retrieved from https://edition.cnn.com/2017/09/19/asia/myanmar-yangon-rohingyabuddhists/index.html Hunt, K. (2017b, November 26). Rohingya crisis: “It’s not genocide,” say Myanmar’s hardline monks. CNN. Retrieved from https://edition.cnn.com/2017/11/25/asia/myanmar-buddhist-nationalismmabatha/index.html Ibrahim, A. (2018). The Rohingyas: Inside Myanmar’s genocide. London, UK: Hurst Publishers. IED explodes in Maungtaw. (2017, August 2). Global New Light of Myanmar. Retrieved from http://www.globalnewlightofmyanmar.com/ied-explodes-in-maungtaw/ Inter Sector Coordination Group. (2017). ISCG situation update: Rohingya refugee crisis, Cox’s Bazar. ReliefWeb. Retrieved from https://reliefweb.int/report/bangladesh/iscg-situation-update-rohingyarefugee-crisis-cox-s-bazar-26-december-2017 Islam, N. (2011). Anti-Rohingya campaigns, violations of human rights. Retrieved from https://thesail.files .wordpress.com/2011/02/anti-rohingya-campaigns-violations-of-human-rights1.pdf Issuing notification of acknowledging and urging the people not to encourage, support and abet extremist terrorists. (2017, August 28). Global New Light of Myanmar. Retrieved from

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Extreme Speech in Myanmar: The Role of State Media in the Rohingya Forced Migration Crisis

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English

Topic

Hate Speech
Rohingya Crisis

Author(s)

Ronan Lee

Date Published: Jul 24, 2018

Abstract: This article considers the role of the state authorities in perpetrating extreme speech and the processes by which state power is used in normalizing hateful expressions against minoritized communities. Drawing attention to Myanmar’s 2017 Rohingya crisis, a human rights and humanitarian catastrophe, the article examines how the state media publication, the Global New Light of Myanmar newspaper, has actively produced antiRohingya speech in its editions and influenced violent narratives about the Rohingya Muslims circulating on social media. It shows how official media contributed to a political environment where anti-Rohingya speech was made acceptable and where rights abuses against the group were excused. While regulators often consider the role of social media platforms like Facebook as conduits for the spread of extreme speech, this case study shows that extreme speech by state actors using state media ought to be similarly considered a major concern for scholarship and policy.

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Extreme Speech in Myanmar: The Role of State Media in the Rohingya Forced Migration Crisis

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