Although the report focuses on deprivation of liberty, it includes a brief summary on page 19 of other human rights violations experienced by Myanmar journalists at the hands of the military. METHODOLOGY The report is underpinned by a case database aggregated from media monitoring, key informant interviews, and lists from 10 non-governmental and one inter-governmental organization, covering the period under review, February 2021 to February 2025.4 Cases in both legal and extra-legal (military courts) processes were cross-corroborated to the extent possible under the circumstances, eliminating duplicates and sampling errors, and further researching contradictions.5 All deprivations of liberty were included regardless of whether they were lawful and followed due process or not. Who was a “journalist” and would therefore be included in the case database was defined broadly according to international standards as any individual practicing or fundamentally supporting the practice of journalism.6 This included any individual who professed to be or was regarded by others (including a minority of others) as a journalist. Individuals were included regardless of whether they were associated with an independent media outlet, a “pro-military” outlet, or no outlet (freelancers or “citizen journalists”). A small number of former journalists were included because there was reason to believe that they were detained as suspected journalists. Each journalist’s case was assessed under 61 data points, which were then investigated for trends and disaggregated in a gender analysis. Real numbers were used in the report to show scale, while rounded percentages were used to compare data. 4 The non-governmental organizations, which included both international and domestic civil society organizations, were unnamed for security reasons. The inter-governmental source was restricted-distribution research conducted by this report author, JM McElhone, and Myint Kyaw, with Grace Thu: UNESCO (2021), “Repression of journalists and media workers in post-coup Myanmar”. 5 ICNL stands in solidarity with journalists and media outlets in their exercise and defense of human rights and expresses gratitude to those individuals who input into the report. 6 United Nations Human Rights Committee (2011), “General Comment No. 34”, paragraph 44. Assessing Detentions of Journalists in Myanmar, Feb. 2021 to Feb. 2025 4