“I May Be Killed Any Moment” After the clash, RSO and Bangladesh authorities worked together to question detained men about their possible affiliation with ARSA.188 One man who was detained by RSO told Fortify Rights: “[The detained Rohingya] were checked by DGFI [Directorate General of Forces Intelligence], NSI [National Security Intelligence], and RAB [Rapid Action Battalion], and they interrogated the people who may have supported ARSA. The authorities had a list of ARSA members that they were checking against the people they arrested.” 189 The man described how RSO was present together with Bangladeshi authorities when he was being questioned, saying: “The RSO people were working with the RAB, NSI, and DGFI but wearing plain clothes. I recognized some of the RSO people. … I saw [an RSO member] during the clash with a [RSO] uniform, and then later, during the questioning, he was cooperating with the authorities without his uniform.”190 An RSO spokesperson confirmed RSO’s cooperation with the authorities, saying: We cooperate with the government. This proves that we are not abusers. If we abused people, why would the authorities work with us? We arrest ARSA members and hand them over to the government. We hand them over to APBn. We also inform NSI and DGFI.191 Mohammed Ayyub Khan, the commander-in-chief of the armed wing of RSO, told Fortify Rights that RSO did, in fact, carry out the security sweep on No Man’s Land, saying: “I commanded the attack on Zero Point. ... Before the Zero Point attack, we warned ARSA for a year to stop drug trafficking, human trafficking, and the killings in the camps. Finally, we warned them that we would seize their location.”192 Another RSO member confirmed with Fortify Rights that the group carried out the operation in No Man’s Land to remove ARSA from the area.193 The RSO spokesperson said: “[O]ur aim is to destroy [ARSA’s] outpost and remove them from living among the innocent refugees [in] No Man’s Land. We have done it successfully.”194 Also, on February 1, 2023, RSO confirmed in a statement that it “surrounded and conducted a suppression of a terrorism campaign” in No Man’s Land.195 During the attack in No Man’s Land, RSO members abducted and, in some cases, tortured Rohingya who they believed to be ARSA members. Describing the attack and abductions, one eyewitness said: When RSO entered Zero Point, they were wearing uniforms. … [The logo] says “R.S.O.” They were a leaf-green color. ... [RSO] started beating people and detaining them. They would tie their hands. They caught about 30 people, and the rest of the men, like myself, fled through the barbed-wire fencing to the Myanmar side of the border. ... ARSA fled to the Myanmar side, and the RSO took over Zero Point. When I moved to the Myanmar side, we were watching what was happening in Zero Point.196 188 Fortify Rights interview with F.C., Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh, August 31, 2023. 189 Ibid. 190 Ibid. 191 Fortify Rights interview with B.D., Bangladesh, January 30 and August 27, 2023. 192 Fortify Rights interview with F.E., location withheld, Bangladesh, 2023. 193 Fortify Rights interview with B.D., Bangladesh, January 30 and February 6, 2023. 194 Fortify Rights interview with B.D., Bangladesh, January 30, 2023. 195 RSO statement February 1, 2023, on file with Fortify Rights. 196 Fortify Rights interview with F.C., Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh, August 31, 2023. 41