iMAP Myanmar 2023 Internet Censorship Report | Page 23
Findings of internet censorship in Myanmar
All of the findings are based on data collected through OONI from 1 July 2022 to 30 June
2023.
Blocking of Websites
Throughout the one-year period, we tested 1.2 million measurements from 2,669 websites
across 43 vantage points of 43 ISPs on OONI. As of 30 June 2023, the test list contained
1,629 websites in the Global Test List and 829 websites in the Myanmar Test List. Based on
OONI measurements, the following terms are used in this report:
●
●
●
Measured or Measurement Counts: Refers to the total number of measurements
collected through the OONI Probe.
Blocked: Refers to “Confirmed Blocked” in OONI measurements, which are
measurements from websites that are automatically confirmed to be blocked (e.g., a
block page was served).
Likely Blocked: Refers to “Anomaly” and “Failure” in OONI measurements.
Anomalies are measurements that show signs of potential blocking; however, false
positives can occur. Failures refer to failed experiments in OONI testing, although
they can sometimes be symptomatic of censorship (except in India).
Jul-Sep 2022
Oct-Dec
2022
Jan-Mar
2023
Apr-Jun
2023
Total
Measured
439,255
302,123
259,122
196,068
1,196,735
Blocked
753
355
689
633
2,442
Block rate
0.17%
0.12%
0.27%
0.32%
0.20%
Input
2,570
2,440
2,449
2,485
2,669
ASNs
32
24
27
28
43
Table 3: Summary of OONI web connectivity measurements for Myanmar from 1 July 2022
to 30 June 2023
These measurements were analysed using heuristics as stated in Annex IV. It was found
that there were 177 confirmed blocked websites, of which 114 were confirmed by OONI and
63 were confirmed by heuristics. The full list of these confirmed blocked websites is
mentioned in Annex I, and the 8 ISPs blocking the websites and their 8 vantage points are
described in red in Annex II.
In the 2022 iMAP report, we reported the findings based on the number of measurements by
test result categories on OONI, i.e., Confirmed, Anomaly, Failure, and OK. However in this
2023 report, we present the findings by the number and percentage of blocked and likely
blocked measurements.
The following table describes measured websites by their categories with percentage of
blocked and likely blocked measurements. It is evident that the most commonly blocked