settlement infrastructure that enables FIs to exchange interbank bulk payment instructions on payroll, utility payments, and government payments. Clearing and settlement are conducted on the DTNS basis. Basic concepts of ACH are;  ACH provides a payment instruction exchange function for direct credit (e.g. payroll, pension payment) and direct debit (e.g. utility payment, tax payment) with FIs.  The clearing process is simultaneously conducted when ACH receives payment instructions from FIs. The sender net debit cap is set up for the balance and monitored by the system to mitigate any settlement risk. The settlement process is conducted by DTNS in view of saving settlement liquidity.  ACH will receive payment instructions all day, except during the system maintenance period. In case that necessary system maintenance will take 2 hours, clearing time can be extended up to 22 hours a day; as a practical matter, it depends on the operation and monitoring structure of CBM. (In case CBM extends the operation hours for CBM-NET, an appropriate number of operation personnel will need to be assigned.)  ACH will receive payment instructions via the STP GW and the file upload/download function via the CBM-NET terminals. 44