Who buys and controls the CCTV?
11
Back to contents
83
V. Marda and S. Narayan, ‘Data in New Delhi’s Predictive Policing System’, FAT* ‘20: Proceedings of the
2020 Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency, January 2020, https://dl.acm.org/doi/
abs/10.1145/3351095.3372865; K. Lum and W. Isaac, ‘To Predict and Serve?’ Significance 13 (2016): 14–19,
https://rss.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1740-9713.2016.00960.x
12
P.W. Kyaw, ‘Mandalay receives Smart City Award’, Myanmar Times, 2 September 2019,
https://www.mmtimes.com/news/mandalay-receives-smart-city-award.html
13
N. Lwin, ‘Amid Int’l Espionage Concerns, Mandalay to Embrace Huawei for “Safe City” Project’, The
Irrawaddy, 19 June 2019, https://www.irrawaddy.com/opinion/analysis/amid-intl-espionage-concernsmandalay-embrace-huawei-safe-city-project.html
14
See a similar argument made in the African context by A. Williams, ‘Some Myths Versus Realities of Africa-
China Tech Narratives’, AI Now, 28 May 2021, https://medium.com/@AINowInstitute/some-myths-versusrealities-of-africa-china-tech-narratives-75c97f43bf8a
15
Reuters, ‘Timeline: Events in troubled Myanmar since Suu Kyi’s NLD party came to power’, 31 January
2021, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-myanmar-politics-timeline/timeline-events-in-troubledmyanmar-since-suu-kyis-nld-party-came-to-power-idUSKBN2A112I
16
S. Naing, ‘Royal capital to “smart city”: Myanmar’s Mandalay gets high-tech makeover, sparks “spy” fears’,
Reuters, 3 August 2019, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-myanmar-mandalay-feature-idUKKCN1UU04Q
17
N. Lwin, ‘Mandalay chases dream of becoming Myanmar’s first smart city’, The Irrawaddy, November 28
2018,
https://www.irrawaddy.com/features/mandalay-chases-dream-becoming-myanmars-first-smart-city.html
18
Naing, ‘Royal capital to “smart city”’.
19
N. Lwin, ‘Myanmar’s Second Biggest City Receives Smart City Award 2019’, The Irrawaddy, 29 August
2019, https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/myanmars-second-biggest-city-receives-smart-cityaward-2019.html
20
N. Lwin, ‘Making Myanmar’s Last Royal Capital an ASEAN “Smart City”’, The Irrawaddy, 23 November 2018,
https://www.irrawaddy.com/in-person/making-myanmars-last-royal-capital-asean-smart-city.html
21
Dr Ye Lwin was a member of the NLD government and the Mayor of Mandalay city. He was also the chair
of MCDC as the key person behind the realisation of Mandalay’s smart cities improvement. He was detained
by the military on 10 February 2021, after resigning from his position following the coup. He was charged
with sedition under Section 505(b) of the Penal Code, and his appeal against this decision was rejected
in January 2022. https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/myanmars-military-regime-brings-chargesincitement-ousted-nld-ministers.html;