325 Personal discussions with digital rights activists 3 March 2021 The regional military administration of Bago. The order has circulated among digital rights activists on 30 March, but has not yet been published. Telecommunications companies reportedly did not implement the order. 327 Telenor is one of the only telecommunications operators in Myanmar that appears to proactively publish information on government requests, in its annual Sustainable Business Briefings, see “Telenor Myanmar 6th Annual Sustainable Business Briefing 2019,” Telenor, 2019, https://www.telenor.com.mm/en/about/sustainability; “Authority Requests Disclosure Report,” Telenor, 2018, https://www.telenor.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Telenor-Authority-request-report-2018.pdf; Saw Yi Nandar, “Telcos say data helps police solve cases of missing persons,” Myanmar Times, February 4, 2020, https://www.mmtimes.com/news/telcos-say-data-helps-police-solve-cases-missing-persons.html. 328 Saw Yi Nandar, “Telcos say data helps police solve cases of missing persons,” Myanmar Times, February 4, 2020, https://www.mmtimes.com/news/telcos-say-data-helps-police-solvecases-missing-persons.html. 329 Saw Yi Nandar, “Telcos say data helps police solve cases of missing persons,” Myanmar Times, February 4, 2020, https://www.mmtimes.com/news/telcos-say-data-helps-police-solvecases-missing-persons.html. 330 Personal communication with a senior manager from a civil society organization working on telecommunications reform, Yangon, June 2018. 331 https://restofworld.org/2021/they-want-us-to-disappear/; https://cpj.org/reports/2021/07/bitter-reversal-myanmar-journalists-jailed-imprisoned-military-crackdown/ 332 https://www.dw.com/en/myanmar-over-100-killed-in-deadliest-day-since-military-coup/a-57022363 333 Personal communications with protest leaders, 19 March 2021. 334 As yet unpublished review of crimes against journalists since the coup. 335 https://cpj.org/2021/05/cpj-calls-on-myanmar-to-release-kamayut-media-editor-nathan-maung-news-producer-hanthar-nyein/; https://cpj.org/2021/07/american-journalist-nathanmaung-alleged-abuse-myanmar-imprisonment/ 336 https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/06/22/myanmar-teenager-describes-torture-mock-burial# 337 Personal communications with digital activists with relatives inside military barracks, 23 March 2021. 338 Personal communications with civil society organisations in Mandalay, 17 March 2021. 339 Personal communications with digital rights activists, 19 February 2021. 340 Personal communications with digital rights activists, 9 March 2021. 341 “Report: Myanmar’s media not free or fair,” Free Expression Myanmar, May 3, 2020, http://freeexpressionmyanmar.org/myanmars-media-not-free-or-fair/. 342 “Myanmar journalists 'harassed' for reporting on Rohingya crisis,” Al Jazeera, October 16, 2017, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/10/myanmar-journalists-harassed-reportingrohingya-crisis-171016070429902.html. 343 “Reuters journalists freed from Myanmar prison [Timeline],” Reuters, https://www.reuters.com/subjects/myanmar-reporters. 344 Shoon Naing and Thu Thu Aung, “Black hoods, kneeling, no sleep: Reuters reporter details Myanmar custody,” Reuters, July 24, 2018, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-myanmarjournalists/black-hoods-kneeling-no-sleep-reuters-reporter-details-myanmar-custody-idUSKBN1KE1PM; “Myanmar: Free Reuters Journalists, Drop Case,” Human Rights Watch, July 1, 2018, https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/07/01/myanmar-free-reuters-journalists-drop-case. 345 Panel discussions at the Myanmar Digital Rights Forum in Yangon, February 28-29, 2020. 346 “Report exposes arbitrary detention, torture of Myanmar activists,” Al Jazeera, April 23, 2020, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/report-exposes-arbitrary-detention-torturemyanmar-activists-200423010723815.html. 347 Lawi Weng, “Buddhist Monk Accused of Aiding Ethnic Armed Group Tortured by Myanmar Military,” The Irrawaddy, October 31, 2019, https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/buddhist-monk-accused-aiding-ethnic-armed-group-tortured-myanmar-military.html. 348 Karen Human Rights Group (KHRG), “Hpa-an District Interview: Arbitrary arrest and detention, torture and intimidation by BGF soldiers and village authorities, March 2020,” Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, June 26, 2020, https://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/hpa-district-interview-arbitrary-arrest-and-detention-torture-andintimidation-bgf. 349 “Daring to defy Myanmar’s patriarchy,” Free Expression Myanmar, December 2018, http://freeexpressionmyanmar.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/daring-to-defy-myanmarspatriarchy.pdf. 350 11 percent of children and 17 percent of adults claimed to have experience some form of cyber-bullying, see “Realising Digital Myanmar,” Telenor, February 2018, https://www.telenor.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Telenor-Realising-Digital-Myanmar-Report-06-February.pdf. 351 Discussions with digital rights activists, 21 March 2021 352 Discussions with Myanmar digital rights activists, July 15, 2019. 353 Personal communications with a pro-Rohingya activist, Yangon, April 2018. 354 Timothy McLaughlin, “Security-tech companies once flocked to Myanmar. One firm’s tools were used against two journalists,” The Washington Post, May 4, 2019, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/security-tech-companies-once-flocked-to-myanmar-one-firms-tools-were-used-against-two-journalists-/2019/05/04/d4e9f7f05b5d-11e9-b8e3-b03311fbbbfe_story.html. 355 Patrick Howell O’Neill, “The spyware used by Arab dictators has now shown up in Myanmar,” MIT Technology Review, July 10, 2019, https://www.technologyreview.com/f/613939/spyware-dealers-spotted-in-myanmar/; “New FinSpy iOS and Android implants revealed ITW,” Securelist, Kapersky, July 10, 2019, https://securelist.com/new-finspy-ios-and-android-implants-revealed-itw/91685/. 356 Mobile phone spy software includes mSpy, FlexiSpy, Highster, SpyEra, TheOneSpy, and Mobile Spy. Personal communications with women human rights defenders, Yangon, February 2018. 357 https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/2070287/hackers-target-myanmar-government-websites-in-coup-protest 358 Jacob Goldbegr, “HACKED: Myanmar govt website reads ‘Stop killing Muslims’,” Coconuts Yangon, September 5, 2017, https://coconuts.co/yangon/news/hacked-myanmar-govtwebsite-reads-stop-killing-muslims/. 359 Aung Kyaw Kyunt and Kyithar Maung, “Myanmar government websites hacked in protest,” Myanmar Times, September 7, 2017, https://www.mmtimes.com/news/myanmargovernment-websites-hacked-protest.html. 360 “Microsoft Security Intelligence Report,” Volume 24, Microsoft, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/business/security-intelligence-report . 361 “Kaspersky Security Bulletin 2020”, Kaspersky https://go.kaspersky.com/rs/802-IJN-240/images/KSB_statistics_2020_en.pdf 362 “Microsoft Security Intelligence Report,” Volume 22, Microsoft, 2017, https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/p/?linkid=2036244. 326 Free Expression Myanmar (FEM) and Freedom House - Freedom of the Net: Myanmar - အင်တာနက်ေပ*တွင် လွတ်လပ်မ/ - ြမန်မာ2ိ4င်ငံ - Page 7