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An ecosystem of digital repression: The silencing of women human rights defenders and other pro-democracy activists in Myanmar Author: Myanmar Internet Project (MIP) Coordination and review: Verónica Ferrari and Pavitra Ramanujam (APC) Editor: Alan Finlay Proofreading: Zana Fauzi Layout proofreading: Lynne Stuart Design and layout: Japreet Saini Publication production: Cathy Chen (APC) and Lori Nordstrom (APC) Published by the Association for Progressive Communications (APC), 2026 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ISBN 92-95049-52-7 APC-202604-APC-R-EN-DIGITAL-381

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An ecosystem of digital repression: The silencing of women human rights defenders and other pro democracy activists in Myanmar

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Language

English

Topic

Digital Rights
Digital Surveillance
Information Operation
Military Coup

Author(s)

Myanmar Internet Project (MIP)

Date Published: Apr 30, 2026

Abstract: Since the military coup in 2021, Myanmar has witnessed an alarming escalation in digital repression. The military junta has imposed internet shutdowns, deployed surveillance technologies and weaponised legal tools to silence dissent. These tactics have disproportionately affected human rights defenders (HRDs), particularly women human rights defenders (WHRDs), who are subject to harassment and threats both online and offline and persecuted through the criminalisation of free speech. This study, conducted by the Myanmar Internet Project (MIP) in collaboration with and support from the Association for Progressive Communications (APC), draws on a combination of desk research, case analysis and interviews. It documents and analyses the experiences of WHRDs and other pro-democracy activists to understand the lived realities of digital repression and gender-based violence under the military regime, while also integrating the insights of legal experts to clarify the legal context and implications of these violations.

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myanmar-report-7.pdf
English
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