Infrastructure - At least 10 Gbps is available in country, obtained via the South-East-Asia/Middle East/Western Europe Optical Submarine Cable (SEA-ME-WE 3). Currently everything, landline and wireless, runs through this single connection.33 All traffic runs through the “international gateway” that is on Prome road or PY1. This picture may change soon, however, as the government looks at expanding to SEA-ME-WE 4 as a means to bring tech business to Myanmar and to boost speeds.34 Allegedly dark cross border fiber cables exist (India, China, Thailand, Laos) explained as “backup links”.35 - While the government relies on the same backhaul for its own access, the rest of its infrastructure is completely independent from the rest of the population.36 The difference in performance results between the Ministry and other locations, shown above, points to the impact of this separation. - Myanmar has 3 ISPs: MPT (100 percent government) and Yatanarpon Teleport (51 percent government held, 49 percent privately held),37 and Red-link Group, owned by family members of government leaders.38 - IPv4 addresses are almost nonexistent, presenting another significant limitation to further growth. Static IPs are allocated only for elite organizations, for example, banks.39 33 See International Telecommunication Union, Wireless broadband masterplan for the Union of Myanmar, http://www.itu.int/ITUD/tech/broadband networks/WirelessBDMasterPlans ASP/WBB MasterPlan Myanmar.pdf. Htoo Aung, “Faster Internet on trial: deputy minister,” The Myanmar Times, August 27, 2012, http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/business/technology/466-faster-Internet-on-trial-deputy-minister.html; Htoo Aung, “MPT considers new cable to boost telecoms,” The Myanmar Times, September 10, 2012, http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/business/technology/1365-mpt-considers-new-cable-to-boost-telecoms.html; International Telecommunication Union, Wireless broadband masterplan for the Union of Myanmar, http://www.itu.int/ITUD/tech/broadband networks/WirelessBDMasterPlans ASP/WBB MasterPlan Myanmar.pdf 35 Source, Myanmar Computer Federation. See also “Myanmar builds more cross-border fiber optic links to improve communications services,” Xinhua Net, December 3, 2012, http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/sci/2010-12/03/c 13633549.htm. 36 Observed during testing performed within government buildings. 37 Source, Myanmar Computer Federation. 38 See “The Internet in Burma (1998-2009),” Mizzama, Dec. 24, 2009, http://www.mizzima.com/research/3202-the-internet-in-burma1998-2009-.html; Wai Moe and David Paquette, “The Coming Cyber War,” The Irrawaddy, Vol. 18, No. 3, March 2010, http://www2.irrawaddy.org/print article.php?art id=17923. 39 Conversation with local IT professional 34 13