“I do think the intentions (exercising social punishment) there are correct because a lot of the country’s detriment comes from the corruption of these families and a lot of the people struggling here have these families to thank for that, who are stealing from the people money or resources here. When it first started out, it was “clean” if people are just getting to know who the families are. But I think that people here, especially on Facebook, can go to the extremes, and for example post not just pictures but nudes, horrible graphic pictures about these families that are bad and terrible and have done terrible things but it raises a completely different issue, that would be harassment in any case. It also turns it into a personal vendetta, people also add people they have personal issues with, to affect their reputation.” (FGD_05) 34 “In my opinion I don’t think it is fair to shame the people who don’t join CDM it is an individual decision, and each individual has a different family situation and personal situation. We need to understand the personal background of each individual, that’s why we shouldn’t do social punishment to those who decide not to join the CDM.” (FGD_04) (Rakhine) “In Myanmar, the military use their weapons not to protect, but to kill people. The people have no weapon, they only have their mouth and their voice on social media. That is the only way to fight back at them. Somebody who supports the military, they condemn them. For a normal country, it doesn’t matter. It can be bullying if some people make a group to bully others. But if he/she is supporting a group who is killing a lot of people and violating human rights, they are working against humanity. So, the community must condemn it. I think that is an ethic here as well. Even with monkeys, if one monkey tries to abuse or rape the small monkey, the rest of them kill that monkey, because they think that is dangerous for their monkey society.” (KII_03) “Free expression should not harm, Social punishment is intended to harm, that’s why I don’t think it can be considered an element of free expression.” (FGD_02) “We need to participate otherwise we will get judged” (FGD_07) (Female) “That’s the way people are exercising their revolution and their way to fight against authoritarianism. I think it’s ok, as long as they don’t harm individuals in any way physically. Killing them, or physically attacking them is way beyond social punishment. It is just to do with business and punishing them in terms of banning them from social activities and stuff.” (KII_02) (Male)